Controlling blood glucose

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What are the two types of diabetes?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• How does Type 1 diabetes affect insulin production?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration change in a person with Type 1 diabetes after a meal?

  It rises and stays at a high level
• What do people with Type 1 diabetes do when their blood glucose rises too much?

  They inject themselves with insulin
• How does Type 2 diabetes affect the body's response to insulin?

  The body cells stop responding to insulin
• What dietary changes are recommended for managing Type 2 diabetes?

  A diet with controlled carbohydrate levels
• What is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What happens to blood glucose concentration between meals?

  It can fall too low
• What hormone does the pancreas release when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What effect does glucagon have on liver cells?

  It triggers conversion of glycogen to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon work together in blood glucose regulation?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is the process of blood glucose regulation?

  • After a meal, blood glucose rises
  • Pancreas releases insulin
  • Insulin triggers glucose uptake by cells
  • Excess glucose stored as glycogen
  • Blood glucose concentration returns to normal
  • If blood glucose falls, pancreas releases glucagon
  • Glucagon triggers glycogen conversion to glucose
  • Blood glucose concentration rises again
• What are the treatments for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Insulin injections
  • Blood glucose monitoring

  
  

  Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Controlled carbohydrate diet
  • Regular exercise