religon in a global context

• What are some reasons for religion to become global?

  Freedom and choice, education, immigration, travel
• How does Hinduism relate to India's wealth?

  The richer India became, the more religious it became
• What does the opposite of secularization theory imply for Hinduism?

  Hinduism remains strong despite modernization
• According to Nanda (2008), what percentage of Indians believed religion had declined?

  Only 5%
• What trend is observed among urban educated Indians regarding religion?

  They are becoming more religious
• What does the rise of religious tourism indicate about contemporary beliefs?

  It shows that being religious is becoming fashionable
• What are the central beliefs of Hinduism?

  • Authority of the Vedas and Brahmans
  • Existence of an enduring soul (Atman)
  • Transmigration of the soul after death
  • Law of karma determining destiny
• How has worship in Hinduism shifted over time?

  From great gods to low status village gods
• What does the shift towards worshipping village gods signify?

  It is a sign of respect
• Why are Indian people optimistic about globalization?

  They are not rebelling against it.
• What does Nanda argue about the Indian people's wealth?


  They are uncertain about their new wealth.
• What traditional belief in Hinduism affects material possessions?

  Renouncing material possessions and worldly desires.
• How do modern holy men resolve traditional beliefs about desire?

  They teach that desire motivates positively.
• What does the business-friendly version of Hinduism teach the middle class?

  Consumerism can be spiritually balanced.
• What percentage of Indians agreed that their culture is superior?

  93%
• What does extreme devotion to one's nation signify in Hinduism?

  Hinduism is the essence of Indian culture.
• How has Hinduism affected normal society in India?

  It has taken over normal society.
• What distinguishes the two phases of Pentecostalism's expansion according to Lehman?

  Colonization imposed Christianity, later it gained popularity.
• How did Christianity spread during colonization?

  It was imposed on indigenous populations.
• What has contributed to the popularity of Pentecostalism in the last century?

  Its ability to incorporate local beliefs.
• How does Pentecostalism use local cultures in its practice?

  It uses imagery and symbolism from them.
• What practice does Pentecostalism use to validate traditional beliefs?

  Exorcism to rid evil spirits.
• Why is Pentecostalism appealing to the poor in developing countries?

  It addresses the needs of the majority.
• What are the key features of Hinduism's influence on Indian society?

  • Renunciation of material possessions
  • Modern holy men reinterpret desire
  • Business-friendly teachings on consumerism
  • Ultra-nationalism and cultural superiority
  • Dominance in normal societal practices
• What are the phases of Pentecostalism's expansion according to Lehman?

  1. Imposition during colonization
  2. Popularity through incorporation of local beliefs
• How does Pentecostalism validate traditional beliefs?

  • Uses local imagery and symbolism
  • Conducts exorcisms for spirit possession
  • Provides access to the Christian Holy Spirit