Types of LTM

• What is a limitation of the Multi-Store Model (MSM) regarding long-term memory?

  It views LTM as one store
• What evidence suggests there are distinct stores of long-term memory?

  There are three distinct stores
• Who proposed the three types of long-term memory?

  Tulving
• What are the three types of long-term memory proposed by Tulving?

  Episodic, semantic, procedural
• What is episodic memory?

  Memory of events in our lives
• What are the features of episodic memory?

  Time-stamped, multi-element, conscious recall effort
• Give an example of episodic memory.

  First day at school
• What type of memory is episodic memory classified as?

  Declarative
• What is semantic memory?

  Knowledge of the world
• What are the features of semantic memory?

  Encyclopaedic, not time-stamped, declarative
• Give an example of semantic memory.

  Meanings of words
• What is procedural memory?

  Memory of motor actions and skills
• What are the features of procedural memory?

  No conscious effort, automatic retrieval, non-declarative
• Give an example of procedural memory.

  Driving
• What is a strength of the long-term memory model based on clinical evidence?

  HM and Clive Wearing case studies
• What do the case studies of HM and Clive Wearing suggest about long-term memory?

  LTM is multi-store and stored in different areas
• What type of evidence supports the neuroimaging aspect of long-term memory?

  PET scans
• Which brain areas are linked to episodic and semantic memory according to neuroimaging evidence?

  Episodic: Right prefrontal cortex, Semantic: Left prefrontal cortex
• Which brain area is linked to procedural memory?

  Cerebellum
• What is a weakness of Tulving's model of long-term memory?

  Dispute over the number of stores
• What do Cohen & Squire argue about episodic and semantic memory?

  Episodic + Semantic = Declarative
• How does Cohen & Squire's argument affect Tulving's model?

  Reduces reliability of Tulving's model