cognitive explanation

• What are the major factors of the emotional state of depression?


  Thoughts & beliefs
• what are the causes of depression?


  - abnormality caused by irrational thought processes

  - how people perceive, reason & judge the world is at the root of many disorders

  - cognitive distortions
• what are the 2 cognitive explanations for depression?

  Beck's negative triad and Ellis's ABC model
• what is the negative triad model based on?


  concept of schema
• what does the negative triad say depression is the result of?


  Holding negative schema about the world, the self & the future
• What can this view be described as?


  Pessimistic (seeing worst aspect of things)
• What does this pessimistic view become?


  a self fulfilling prophecy & leads to a cognitive bias
• what does the ABC model focus on?


  irrational beliefs
• How does the ABC model say depression is formed?


  how they deal with a traumatic situation (not the situation itself)
• What does the ABC model stand for?


  A - Activating event

  B - Belief (rational or irrational)

  C - Consequence
• What do rational beliefs lead to?


  healthy emotional responses
• what do irrational beliefs lead to?


  unhealthy emotional responses and maybe depression
• What is mustabatory thinking?


  Thinking that certain ideas or assumptions must be true in order for an individual to be happy
• what are the strengths of beck's negative triad?


  - research support

  - real world application
• explain research support

  cognitive vulnerability in adolescents can lead to later depression
• explain real world application

  screening & monitoring treatments can be used
• give the negatives of the negative triad


  - partial explanation
• explain partial explanation


  some patients experience anger, hallucinations & delusions - not explained well by cognitive
• what are the strengths of the ABC model?


  - real world application
• explain 'real world application'

  treatment using REBT - altering irrational beliefs & relief from depressive symptoms
• what is REBT?


  - Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy developed by Albert Ellis. It focuses on identifying and changing irrational beliefs that can lead to emotional distress and maladaptive behaviours. - teaches individuals to recognize their negative thought patterns and replace them with more rational, constructive beliefs
• give the weaknesses of the ABC model


  - only explains reactive depression

  - blame on the person for depression (ethical)
• explain only explains reactive depression


  fails to explain endogenous depression as no life event triggers this type of depression
• What is endogenous depression?


  depression with no apparent cause