Genetic Engineering

    Cards (22)

    • What type of cells are plasmids found in?
      Bacterial cells
    • What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?
      It will burst
    • What do cell membranes contain?
      Proteins and phospholipids
    • What do synthesis reactions involve?
      Building larger molecules from smaller ones
    • What happens to enzymes at lower than optimum temperatures?
      They become denatured
    • What is genetic engineering?
      • Transfer of genetic information
      • From one cell to another
    • What are plasmids made of?
      DNA
    • Why are bacterial cells used in genetic engineering?
      They have plasmids for gene transfer
    • What are the stages of genetic engineering?
      1. Identify required gene
      2. Extract required gene
      3. Extract plasmid
      4. Insert gene into plasmid
      5. Insert plasmid into host cell
      6. Grow modified cells
      7. Extract product
    • What are three products of genetically modifying microbes?
      Food, fuel, and medicine
    • When were the first GMOs created?
      In 1973
    • What does insulin do?
      Controls blood sugar levels
    • What condition arises from not making insulin?
      Diabetes
    • What is the role of enzymes in genetic engineering?
      To extract and insert genes
    • What is the first step in genetic engineering?
      Identify the section of DNA
    • What is done in the second stage of genetic engineering?
      Extract a plasmid from a bacterial cell
    • What is done in the third stage of genetic engineering?
      Insert the required gene into the plasmid
    • What happens in the fourth stage of genetic engineering?
      Insert the plasmid into a host cell
    • What is the final step in genetic engineering?
      Grow modified cells and extract the product
    • What are the uses of genetic engineering?
      • Production of insulin
      • Production of antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)
      • Development of vaccines
      • Creation of enzymes for detergents
    • What should you do to remember new information?
      Practice retrieving knowledge
    • How can testing yourself help with learning?
      It reinforces memory retention
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