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N5 Biology
Cell biology
Genetic Engineering
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Cards (22)
What type of cells are plasmids found in?
Bacterial cells
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What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?
It will
burst
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What do cell membranes contain?
Proteins
and
phospholipids
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What do synthesis reactions involve?
Building
larger
molecules from
smaller
ones
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What happens to enzymes at lower than optimum temperatures?
They become
denatured
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What is genetic engineering?
Transfer of
genetic information
From one
cell
to another
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What are plasmids made of?
DNA
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Why are bacterial cells used in genetic engineering?
They have
plasmids
for
gene transfer
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What are the stages of genetic engineering?
Identify
required gene
Extract required gene
Extract
plasmid
Insert gene into plasmid
Insert plasmid into
host cell
Grow
modified cells
Extract
product
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What are three products of genetically modifying microbes?
Food,
fuel
, and
medicine
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When were the first GMOs created?
In
1973
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What does insulin do?
Controls
blood sugar levels
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What condition arises from not making insulin?
Diabetes
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What is the role of enzymes in genetic engineering?
To
extract
and
insert genes
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What is the first step in genetic engineering?
Identify the
section of DNA
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What is done in the second stage of genetic engineering?
Extract a
plasmid
from a
bacterial cell
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What is done in the third stage of genetic engineering?
Insert the required gene into the
plasmid
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What happens in the fourth stage of genetic engineering?
Insert the
plasmid
into a
host cell
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What is the final step in genetic engineering?
Grow
modified
cells and extract the product
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What are the uses of genetic engineering?
Production of
insulin
Production of
antibiotics
(e.g.,
penicillin
)
Development of vaccines
Creation of
enzymes
for detergents
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What should you do to remember new information?
Practice
retrieving knowledge
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How can testing yourself help with learning?
It reinforces
memory retention
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