Bioenergetics

• What does photosynthesis produce using light?

  Glucose and oxygen
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic
• What is absorbed during photosynthesis?

  Energy from light
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
• What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• What are the five main uses of glucose in plants?

  1. For respiration
  2. Making cellulose
  3. Making amino acids
  4. Stored as oils or fats
  5. Stored as starch
• Why do plants use glucose for respiration?

  To transfer energy from glucose
• How is glucose used to make cellulose?

  Converted into cellulose for cell walls
• What do plants combine glucose with to make amino acids?

  Nitrate ions from the soil
• What happens to glucose stored as oils or fats?

  It is stored in seeds
• Why is starch better for storage than glucose?

  Starch is insoluble and prevents swelling
• What does the term 'photosynthesis' mean?

  'Putting together using light'
• What factors can slow down the rate of photosynthesis?

  Too little carbon dioxide, temperature, and light
• What does the inverse square law relate to in photosynthesis?

  Light intensity and distance
• What happens to light intensity when a plant is moved closer to a light source?

  It increases
• How does light intensity change when the distance is reduced from 10 cm to 5 cm?

  It becomes five times greater
• What are the ideal conditions for photosynthesis in farming?

  • Controlled light
  • Adequate warmth
  • Sufficient carbon dioxide
  • Greenhouses to optimize conditions
• What is the purpose of respiration in plants and animals?

  To release energy from glucose
• What type of respiration requires plenty of oxygen?

  Aerobic respiration
• What happens during aerobic respiration?

  Oxygen combines with glucose
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

  Lactic acid
• What do plants and yeast produce during anaerobic respiration?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is fermentation used for?

  Making bread and alcoholic drinks
• What happens to the body during anaerobic respiration when exercising hard?

  It leads to an oxygen debt
• How does the body cope with lactic acid buildup?

  By transporting it to the liver
• How can you investigate the effect of exercise on the body?

  • Measure pulse rate before and after exercise
  • Record results in a chart
  • Analyze changes in pulse rate
• What happens to pulse rate during exercise?

  It increases
• What type of exercise leads to the highest lactic acid concentration?

  Very vigorous exercise