Summary

• What are the three types of respiratory systems compared?

  Fish, mammals, and insects
• What features are compared in the respiratory systems of fish, mammals, and insects?

  • Cartilage/Chitin
  • Epithelium
  • Elastic Fibres
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Goblet Cells
  • Surface Area
  • Ventilation Mechanism
  • Diffusion Distance
  • Concentration Gradient
  • Water Conservation
  • Adaptations for Environment
• What structure do fish use for respiration?

  Gills
• What respiratory system do insects have?

  Tracheal system
• What respiratory system do mammals possess?

  Lungs
• What is the role of gills in fish?

  • Gas exchange
  • Extract oxygen from water
  • Release carbon dioxide
• What is the role of the tracheal system in insects?

  • Direct delivery of oxygen
  • Gas exchange through spiracles
  • Release of carbon dioxide
• What is the role of lungs in mammals?

  • Gas exchange
  • Oxygen intake from air
  • Carbon dioxide expulsion
• What is the function of chitin in insect tracheae?

  Provides structural support
• What is the role of elastic fibres in the lungs?

  Allow expansion and contraction
• What is the function of smooth muscle in respiratory systems?

  Regulates airflow and diameter
• What are goblet cells responsible for?

  Secreting mucus
• Why is surface area important in respiratory systems?

  Increases gas exchange efficiency
• What is the role of chitin/cartilage in gas exchange?


  Maintains structural integrity to ensure continuous gas or water flow
• what is the role of the epithelium in gas exchange?


  facilitates efficient diffusion or traps particles, depending on location.
• what is the role of elastic fibres in gas exchange?


  Allows flexibility or recoil, ensuring efficient movement of gasses or water.
• what is the role of Smooth muscles in gas exchange?

  Controls airflow or regulates water loss
• what is the role of goblet cells in gas exchange?


  Produce mucus or trap particles and pathogens in mammals
• what is the role of surface area in gas exchange?


  it maximises the diffusion rate by increasing the surface area available for exchange
• what is the role of the ventilation mechanism in gas exchange?


  Maintains a steep concentration gradient by refreshing oxygen supply
• what is the role of the diffusion distance in gas exchange?


  Speeds up gas exchange when minimise distance
• what is the role of concentration gradient in gas exchange?


  Ensure continuous diffusion by keeping oxygen levels high on exchange surface
• what is the role of water conservation in gas exchange?


  Ensures survival in dry environments (insects) and efficient use of moisture
• what is the roles of the adaptions of environment for each animal for gas exchange?


  The gas exchange system is matched to species specific environmental needs
• Is cartilage/chitin present in fish?


  Yes it’s present in the gill arches to keep gills open during water flow.
• is Epithelium present in fish?

  Yes, it’s the thin layer on gill lamallae and filiaments and enables efficient diffusion.
• are elastic fibres present in fish?


  yes, there present in gill filaments for flexibility and movement in water
• Are smooth muscles present in fish?


  no
• Are goblet cells present in fish?


  No
• Do fish have a large surface area to volume ratio?


  Yes due to gill lamallae and filaments
• Describe fishes ventilation mechanism.


  Continous water flow maintained by mouth and operculum movement
• Do fish have a short or long diffusion distance?


  Short due to thin epithelium and close proximity to blood capillaries.
• How do fish maintain a concentration gradient?


  Counter current flow (blood flows one direction and oxygen flows in the other)
• Do fish need to conserve water?


  No as live in water
• Describe fish adaptions for the environment?


  Counter current flow ensures maximum oxygen extraction from water
• Do insects have cartilag/ chitin?

  Yes they have chitin rings in the trachea to prevent collapse
• Do insects have epithelium?


  Yes the epithelium lines spirales, tracheoles and trachea
• Do insects have elastic fibres?


  No
• Do insects have smooth muscles?


  Present around spirales to regulate opening and closing with prevent water loss and also gas coming in
• Do insects have goblet cells?


  no