Muscular system

• What joint did the patient have replaced first?

  Left knee joint
• What is the patient's condition regarding his hip joints?

  They grate when he walks a lot
• What is the importance of the tendon being inelastic?

  It prevents hindered movement
• What happens if the tendon stretches?

  Movement would be hindered
• What are the main functions of striated muscles?

  • Movement
  • Maintaining posture
  • Heat production
• What type of muscle is striated muscle also known as?

  Skeletal muscle
• How are muscles generally attached to bones?

  By tendons at either end
• What are tendons made of?

  Strong collagen fibres
• What is the role of tendons in the muscular system?

  They help move bones
• What is fascia?

  A strong sheet of areolar tissue
• Where are muscles attached to fascia?

  In areas where bones do not move
• What are the types of muscle contractions?

  • Isometric contraction: no movement
  • Concentric contraction: muscle shortens
  • Eccentric contraction: muscle lengthens
• What is isometric contraction?

  Muscles contract without movement
• What is concentric contraction?

  Muscles contract and shorten
• What is eccentric contraction?

  Muscles contract and lengthen
• What is the role of agonist muscles?

  They are the main contracting muscles
• What is the role of antagonist muscles?

  They relax to allow agonist movement
• What is a fixator muscle?

  A muscle that stabilizes surrounding bones
• What is a synergist muscle?

  A muscle that assists in movement
• What are the key terms related to muscle function?

  • Agonist: main contracting muscle
  • Antagonist: muscle that relaxes
  • Fixator: stabilizes surrounding bones
  • Synergist: assists in movement
• What is muscular dystrophy?

  A group of genetic muscle disorders
• What happens to muscles in muscular dystrophy?

  They gradually become weaker
• What is the most common type of muscular dystrophy?

  Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• What is the role of tendons in muscle movement?

  They transmit muscle force to bones
• What is the origin of a muscle?

  The attachment closest to the body center
• What is the insertion of a muscle?

  The attachment furthest from the body center
• What are the types of muscle attachments?

  • Tendons: link muscles to bones
  • Ligaments: join bone to bone
  • Fascia: separates and protects muscles
• What is the function of ligaments?

  They stabilize joints by joining bones
• What is the function of fascia?

  It separates and protects muscles
• What are the signs of muscle damage?

  Pain, weakness, and swelling
• How can muscle fibres become damaged?

  Through injury or excessive strain
• What are the symptoms of damaged muscles?

  Pain, swelling, and reduced function
• What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?

  1. Receives impulses from the nervous system
  2. Contracts
  3. Stretches
  4. Returns to normal size after stretching
• What is the structure of skeletal muscles?

  Organized in bundles called fascicles
• How do skeletal muscles produce movement?

  By pulling on tendons
• What is the relationship between biceps and triceps?

  Biceps flex, triceps extend the arm