cells

• what is the subcellular structure?


  the specific combination of organelle found within the cel membrane
• out of eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells or viruses. which is the most complex?


  eukaryotic cells.
• what does the nucleus store?


  all the cells‘ genetic material.
• what does the nucleus do for the cell?


  tells the cell instructions on how to govern all its processes.
• what is the shape of the nucleus?


  approx spherical
• what are the 5 main structures of the nucleus?

  • nuclear envelope
  • nuclear pores
  • nucleoplasm
  • chromosomes
  • nucleolus
• what is the nuclear envelope


  a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
• what is the function of the nuclear envelope?


  controls the passage of substances in and out of the nucleus.
• how does the nuclear envelope relate to nuclear reactions?


  the nuclear envelope confines all the nuclear reactions to the nucleus.
• what is the function of the nuclear pores?


  they allow the passage of larger molecules, like nucleic acid.
• how many nuclear pores do we approx have?


  around 3,000
• what is the nucleoplasm?


  like the cytoplasm of the cells, jelly-like.
• what is the function of the nucleoplasm?


  maintains the shape of the nucleus, fills out the empty shape and supports the other subnuclear components.
• what is the function of the chromosomes?


  responsible for storage of genetic info.
• what is the function of the nucleolus?


  responsible for the production of ribosomal RNA and the ribosomes themselves.
• what shape are mitochondria?


  rod shaped,
• what is the main function of the mitochondria?


  to act as the powerhouse of the cell
• how does the mitochondria act as the powerhouse of the cell?


  produces ATP through the aerobic parts of respiration.
• what is the mitochondria housed in?


  a double membrane
• what does the mitochondria’s membrane do?


  controls the passage of substances in and out
• what does the cristae help with?


  giving the inner membrane greater surface area so respiration becomes more efficient by allowing more space for attachment of proteins and enzymes.
• aside from the cristae, what else is the mitochondria full of?


  the matrix.
• what is the mitochondrial matrix’s function?


  helps to maintain the shape and also provides a solvent for the biological ingredients needed for respiration.
• what does the abundance of mitochondria in a given cell depend on?


  the level of metabolic activity the cell is involved in
• what is the mitochondria situation where high metabolic activity occurs?


  where high metabolic activity occurs, and where lots of energy is used, there will be abundant mitochondria and the inner membrane contains more cristae than less active cells.
• what are the 2 types of eukaryotic cells?


  animal or plant.
• why do animals and plants have different organelle?


  they have different energy acquisition processes.
• in animals, what is responsible for producing ATP?


  the mitochondria.
• in plants, what is the function of the chloroplasts?


  where photosynthesis occurs, where light energy is harnessed and utilised.
• what approx shape are chloroplasts?


  disk shape approx.
• what organelle do only plant cells have?


  chloroplasts, cell wall
• what organelle do only animal cells have?


  golgi apparatus, centrioles,
• what are the 3 features of a chloroplast?


  • chloroplast envelope
  • grana
  • stroma
• what is the chloroplast envelope?


  a double membranes that forms the boundary of the chloroplast.
• what is the function of the chloroplast envelope?

  controls substances which enter and exit the chloroplast
• what is the grana?


  made of stacks of small structures call thylkakoids.
• what is the function of grana?


  where the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur
• what is within the thylakoids?


  the green light capturing pigment called chlorophyll.
• what is the stroma?


  the fluid that fills the chloroplast
• what is the function of the stroma?


  supports the structures within it, contains the biochemical ingredients needed for photosynthesis 2nd stage.