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Sensation and Perception
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Created by
Georgia Young
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Cards (196)
What is the main focus of the lecture outline?
Visual sensation
and
colour perception
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What do sense organs do?
Receive
sensory
information from the environment
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What is the process called that converts environmental stimuli?
Transduction
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How does the human eye respond to light?
It converts light into
neural impulses
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What is visible light?
A band of
electromagnetic radiation
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How is visible light measured?
In
nanometres
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What do changes in wavelength of light affect?
They are perceived as changes in
colour
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What part of the eye does light enter through?
The
cornea
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What does the lens do in the eye?
Focuses light onto the
retina
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What do specialised cells in the retina do?
Convert light energy into
electrical
signals
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What is the optic nerve's function?
Transmits
electrical signals
to the brain
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What is the optic disc?
Where the
optic nerve
leaves the eye
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Why is the optic disc significant?
It creates a
blind spot
in vision
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What does the retina contain?
Specialised
neurons
for light response
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What are the two types of photoreceptor cells?
Rods
and
cones
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What do rod photoreceptors primarily detect?
Black and white luminance
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Where are rods more densely packed?
In the
peripheral
retina
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What do cone photoreceptors provide?
Colour sensation
and detailed
visual acuity
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What are the three vertical cell layers in the retina?
Input cells,
interneurons
,
output cells
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What do bipolar cells do in the retina?
Connect
input
and
output
cells
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What type of response do photoreceptors produce?
A
graded response
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What do ganglion cells produce?
Action potentials
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What is the role of the optic nerve?
To carry
visual
information to the brain
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What do cone photoreceptors primarily respond to?
Light energy for
colour processing
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What is trichromatic colour vision?
Vision based on three
cone types
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What do photopigments in cones determine?
The
wavelength
of light they respond to
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What are the three types of cones and their peak sensitivities?
S cone
420,
M cone
530,
L cone
560
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How do cones respond to changes in light intensity?
By altering
neurotransmitter
release
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What is the relationship between light intensity and neurotransmitter release?
Increased
intensity
decreases
neurotransmitter
release
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Where does colour perception occur?
In the
brain
, interpreting
cone
outputs
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What do the trichromatic and opponent process theories explain?
How humans achieve
colour vision
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What does the trichromatic theory suggest?
Three separate
colour
processing channels exist
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What is a limitation of the trichromatic theory?
It cannot explain
yellow
perception
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What does the opponent process theory suggest?
Responses from
colour channels
are compared
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Why can't we perceive reddish-green?
Excitation of one
cone type
inhibits another
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What is the modern understanding of colour vision?
Combines
trichromatic
and
opponent process
theories
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How is yellow perceived according to modern understanding?
By summing outputs of
green
and
red
channels
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What do the two colour opponent channels represent?
Red-green
and
blue-yellow
channels
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What do both theories contribute to our understanding of colour vision?
They explain detection and processing of colour
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What is a revision tip provided in the material?
Use
AI
to help study and learn
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