Sensation and Perception

    Cards (196)

    • What is the main focus of the lecture outline?
      Visual sensation and colour perception
    • What do sense organs do?
      Receive sensory information from the environment
    • What is the process called that converts environmental stimuli?
      Transduction
    • How does the human eye respond to light?
      It converts light into neural impulses
    • What is visible light?
      A band of electromagnetic radiation
    • How is visible light measured?
      In nanometres
    • What do changes in wavelength of light affect?
      They are perceived as changes in colour
    • What part of the eye does light enter through?
      The cornea
    • What does the lens do in the eye?
      Focuses light onto the retina
    • What do specialised cells in the retina do?
      Convert light energy into electrical signals
    • What is the optic nerve's function?
      Transmits electrical signals to the brain
    • What is the optic disc?
      Where the optic nerve leaves the eye
    • Why is the optic disc significant?
      It creates a blind spot in vision
    • What does the retina contain?
      Specialised neurons for light response
    • What are the two types of photoreceptor cells?
      Rods and cones
    • What do rod photoreceptors primarily detect?
      Black and white luminance
    • Where are rods more densely packed?
      In the peripheral retina
    • What do cone photoreceptors provide?
      Colour sensation and detailed visual acuity
    • What are the three vertical cell layers in the retina?
      Input cells, interneurons, output cells
    • What do bipolar cells do in the retina?
      Connect input and output cells
    • What type of response do photoreceptors produce?
      A graded response
    • What do ganglion cells produce?
      Action potentials
    • What is the role of the optic nerve?
      To carry visual information to the brain
    • What do cone photoreceptors primarily respond to?
      Light energy for colour processing
    • What is trichromatic colour vision?
      Vision based on three cone types
    • What do photopigments in cones determine?
      The wavelength of light they respond to
    • What are the three types of cones and their peak sensitivities?
      S cone 420, M cone 530, L cone 560
    • How do cones respond to changes in light intensity?
      By altering neurotransmitter release
    • What is the relationship between light intensity and neurotransmitter release?
      Increased intensity decreases neurotransmitter release
    • Where does colour perception occur?
      In the brain, interpreting cone outputs
    • What do the trichromatic and opponent process theories explain?
      How humans achieve colour vision
    • What does the trichromatic theory suggest?
      Three separate colour processing channels exist
    • What is a limitation of the trichromatic theory?
      It cannot explain yellow perception
    • What does the opponent process theory suggest?
      Responses from colour channels are compared
    • Why can't we perceive reddish-green?
      Excitation of one cone type inhibits another
    • What is the modern understanding of colour vision?
      Combines trichromatic and opponent process theories
    • How is yellow perceived according to modern understanding?
      By summing outputs of green and red channels
    • What do the two colour opponent channels represent?
      Red-green and blue-yellow channels
    • What do both theories contribute to our understanding of colour vision?
      They explain detection and processing of colour
    • What is a revision tip provided in the material?
      Use AI to help study and learn