Modern medicine

• What significant changes occurred in the twentieth century regarding medicine?

  Advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
• What role did the government adopt in public health during the twentieth century?

  Providing medical care to the public
• Who proposed the Germ Theory and in what year?

  Louis Pasteur in 1861
• What did Louis Pasteur prove with the Germ Theory?

  Bacteria in the air caused decay
• Who developed the Germ Theory further in the 1870s?

  Robert Koch
• What was a significant breakthrough of Robert Koch's experiments?

  Specific bacteria caused specific diseases
• How long did it take for the Germ Theory to be accepted?

  Over 30 years
• What did Watson and Crick identify in 1953?

  DNA structure
• How does DNA relate to diseases?

  It can indicate predisposition to illnesses
• What was the first magic bullet created and by whom?

  Salvarsan 606 by Paul Ehrlich
• What significant discovery did Alexander Fleming make in 1928?

  Penicillin
• What was the role of Florey and Chain in 1938?

  They developed penicillin into a working drug
• When was the NHS launched?

  1948
• What was the aim of the NHS?

  Provide free medical care to everyone
• Who oversaw the NHS at its launch?

  Aneurin Bevan
• What inspired the creation of the NHS?

  A 1942 report by William Beveridge
• What was a major change in the 20th century regarding disease diagnosis?

  Treatment was based on medical testing
• What was the first use of blood tests?

  Testing for conditions like anaemia
• What year was the Beveridge Report written?

  1942
• What significant project began in 1986?

  The Human Genome Project
• What was the link found in the 1950s regarding lung cancer?

  Between smoking and lung cancer
• What is the known treatment for lung cancer?

  Chemotherapy and radiotherapy
• When did the government ban cigarette television advertising?

  1965
• What happened in 2005 regarding cigarette advertising?

  The government banned cigarette advertising
• What lifestyle factors were identified as risks to health?

  Poor eating, lack of sleep, and stress
• What is an antibiotic?

  A treatment that kills bacteria
• How is penicillin different from magic bullets?

  Penicillin is made from microorganisms
• Who discovered penicillin and when?

  Alexander Fleming in 1928
• What did Florey and Chain discover about penicillin in 1940?

  It killed bacteria in infected mice
• What were X-rays first used for?

  Spotting broken bones and shrapnel
• What is a biopsy used for?

  Identifying diseases like cancer
• What are CT scans used for?

  Diagnosing some cancers
• How do ultrasounds work?

  Using sound waves to create images
• What are the key events in modern medicine from the 20th century?

  • 1861: Germ Theory by Louis Pasteur
  • 1901: Blood groups discovered by Karl Landsteiner
  • 1928: Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming
  • 1948: NHS launched
  • 1986: Human Genome Project begins
  • 2007: Smoking ban in public places
  • 2010: First human face transplant
• What are the differences between antibiotics and magic bullets?

  • Antibiotics:
  • Kill or limit bacteria growth
  • Derived from microorganisms
  • Magic Bullets:
  • Chemical cures targeting microbes
  • Developed by Paul Ehrlich and others
• What were the major changes in healthcare access and quality in the 20th century?

  • Introduction of the NHS in 1948
  • Medical testing became standard for treatment
  • Government initiatives to improve healthcare access
  • Building more hospitals in the 1960s