COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

• COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES - various strategies used to be able to communicate effectively

  • for a communicative exchange to be successful, one must use different ways to get their messages across
  • these strategies are used to work around problems encountered in actual conversatiom
• Communicative strategies

  1. Nomination
  2. Restriction
  3. Turn-taking
  4. Topic control
  5. Topic shifting
  6. Repair
  7. Termination
• 1. Nomination - used to open a conversation

  • carried out to establish a topic with thr person whom they are talking to
• Hi Carmen! Have you heard the latest news about Seventeen’s daesang awards?


  Nomination
• 2. Restriction - pertains to the limitation you may use as a speaker

  • you may discuss only what is related to the topic
• Im sorry but your question is not part of a lesson. Please reserve that for the next topic. We are out of time for that discussion


  Restriction
• 3. Turn-taking - refers to the process in which people decide who take the conversational floor

  • primary goal is to give everyone a chance to speak
• Yes, you are raising your hand. Do you want to say something?

  Turn-taking
• 4. Topic control - covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic conversation

  • more restricted unlike a casual conversation with a friend in a street wherein you may take the conversational floor anytime
  • when a topic is initated, it should be developed by avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shift
• during court trial, senate and congress hearing, debate, and etc. You may involve yourself in conversation without dominating the conversation by using minimal responses like “yes”, “okay”, “go on”, and asking tag questions like, “You are escited, arent you?”


  Topic control
• Topic shifting - involves moving from one topic to another

  • where one part of the conversation ends and another begins
• “by the way”, “in addition to what you have said”, “which remind me of” are transitional words for topic shifting
• You have mentioned living organisms. Do you know that that planet Venus has living organisms discovered by scientists lately?


  topic shifting
• Repair - pertains on how the speaker addresses the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending in a conversation
• Everyone, please calm down. I think we need to give chance for everyone to speak. Can we do that?


  repair
• Termination - refers to close-initiating of the participants in the conversation

  • the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of discussion
  • the speaker may say goodbye, thank you, and the like
• Its really nice conversing with you but I think it’s already late. See you next time. Bye! 


  Termination
• Nomination - a strategy that is used to introduce a topic at the beginning of a communicative situation
• Hey Juan. I heard about your sister. Congrats!


  Nomination
• ”Amega! Long time no see! How are you?”

  “Hey did you eat all my salad?”

  Nomination
• ”Yes maria, you were rasing your hand?”


  turn-taking
• *step back and nod

  “Yes?”

  turn-taking
• “Not everyone can be Miss Iloilo after all, right?”

  Yeah. I just hope she doesnt lose track of her studies.

  turn-taking
• Repair - strategy used to overcome communication breakdown to send more comprehensible messages
• Dzai, it was Aling Turing who was arrested not Mang Kanor.


  repair
• Wait! Wait! What was it you wanted to say?


  repair
• Termination - strategy that uses both verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction
• “That’s all for today. Class dismissed.”

  “Talk to the hand”


  termination
• “Oh nothing important! Talk to you later!”

  Termination
• And you may only use English for your performance

  Restriction
• Please text me only, dont you dare try calling


  Restriction
• Restriction - constrains or restricts the response of the other person involved in the Cimmunicative Situation

  • listener is forced to respond only within a set of categories that is made by the Speaker
• Our topic for the speech is about a local touring a visitor here in Iloilo City


  Restriction
• Speaking of things that make me siffer, did you guys hear about our new math teacher?


  Topic shifting
• Yeah. I just hope she doesnt lose track of her studies

  Topic shifting (shifted the topic from winning miss iloilo to studies)
• Anyway, I was wondering if you–

  Topic shifting
• Topic control - after nomination, the interaction is kept going by this communicative strategy.

  • simply a question-answer formula that moves the discussion forward
  • allows the listener or other participants to take turns, contribue ideas, and continue the discussion
• And how often does that happen to you?

  Topic control
• An important thing that I have learned today is to prioritize myself

  Tooic control
• I would be too. Not everyone can be Miss Iloilo after all, right?

  Yeah. I just hope she doesnt lose track of her studies (q&a format)


  topic control