Haemorrhoids

• What are haemorrhoids also known as?


  Piles
• What are haemorrhoids?


  Swollen blood vessels in or around the anal canal
• What are some risk factors for haemorroids?

  Age

  Pregnancy

  Chronic bowel problems

  Prolonged sitting or standing

  Obesity

  Diet
• How may a patient with haemorroids present?

  Bleeding

  Perianal symptoms

  Prolapse

  Pain

  Anaemia
• How are haemorrhoids diagnosed?


  Proctoscopy

  Sigmoidoscopy

  FBC
• What are some further diagnostic tests for haemorrhoids?


  Colonoscopy

  MRI pelvis
• What are some DDx for haemorroids?


  Anal fissures

  Perianal abscesses

  Rectal prolapse
• How are haemorroids managed conservatively?


  Fibre supplements

  Analgesia

  Topical treatments
• What are some outpatient procedures for haemorrhoids?


  Rubber band ligation
• What is rubber band ligation?


  Rubber band is placed around the base of the haemorrhoid -> lack of blood supply = shrink
• What are some surgical interventions for haemorroids?


  Haemorrhoidectomy