Save
Epigenetics
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Share
Learn
Created by
Ioanna Dafa
Visit profile
Cards (43)
What do epigenetic mechanisms transduce?
Inheritance of
gene expression
patterns
View source
How do epigenetic mechanisms affect chromatin?
They adapt chromatin
without
altering
DNA sequence
View source
What influences how DNA is packaged into chromosomes?
Epigenetic
modifications
View source
How is DNA packaged in chromatin?
Into
nucleosomes
with
core histones
View source
What are the core histones in nucleosomes?
H2A
,
H2B
,
H3
, and
H4
View source
What is the 'histone code'?
Post-translational
modifications of
histones
View source
What is the role of histone H1 in chromatin?
Involves higher order
packaging
of DNA
View source
What is chromatin?
A complex of
DNA
and
protein
View source
What is heterochromatin?
Compact
chromatin
that is
inaccessible
View source
How does euchromatin differ from heterochromatin?
Euchromatin
is
loose
and
accessible
View source
What is the significance of chromatin organization?
It determines active and repressed
gene
states
View source
What does methylation of DNA at CG dinucleotides do?
Regulates
gene expression
View source
What is the role of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)?
Catalyze methylation of
cytosine
View source
What happens to 5-methylcytosine (5mC)?
It can be oxidized to
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
View source
What is the function of thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG)?
Removes the
carboxyl
group from
5fC
View source
How does DNA methylation silence genes?
Methyl-binding domain
proteins recruit
repressive factors
View source
What is the role of Polycomb and Trithorax group (PcG/TrxG)?
Regulate gene expression during development
View source
What is the significance of imprinting control regions (ICRs)?
They establish and maintain
DNA methylation
imprints
View source
What are the clinical features of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome?
Includes
prenatal
overgrowth
and
organomegaly
View source
What molecular abnormalities are associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome?
Hypomethylation of
ICR2
in
60%
of cases
View source
What are the clinical features of Silver-Russell Syndrome?
Pre- and postnatal
growth failure
View source
What molecular abnormalities are associated with Silver-Russell Syndrome?
Hypomethylation
of
ICR1
of
chr11p15
in
60%
of cases
View source
What are the clinical features of Prader-Willi Syndrome?
Severe
hypotonia
and
obesity
in childhood
View source
What molecular abnormalities are associated with Prader-Willi Syndrome?
Deletion of the PWS/AS region on
paternal chr15
View source
What are the clinical features of Angelman Syndrome?
Severe
mental retardation
and
speech impairment
View source
What molecular abnormalities are associated with Angelman Syndrome?
Deletion of the PWS/AS region on maternal chr15
View source
What are the clinical features of imprinting disorders?
Growth
abnormalities
Developmental delays
Increased
tumor risk
View source
What are the functions of imprinted genes?
Embryonic growth
and placental function
Postnatal growth and
adult metabolism
Behavior including social dominance and maternal care
View source
What are the strengths and weaknesses of epigenetic therapies in cancer treatment?
Strengths:
Target
gene expression regulation
Potential to reverse
aberrant epigenetic states
Weaknesses:
Mode of action not fully understood
Risk of
unintended consequences
View source
What is the significance of the ENCODE project?
Maps regions of
histone modification
Identifies
regulatory regions
in the
genome
Provides insights into
gene regulation
View source
What are the roles of readers, writers, and erasers in epigenetics?
Readers:
Recognize
modifications
Writers:
Add
modifications
Erasers:
Remove
modifications
View source
What is the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression?
Methylation typically silences gene expression
Influences
chromatin
structure and accessibility
View source
What are the implications of parental genome differences in imprinting?
Maternal and paternal imprints differ
Affect
gene expression
and development
View source
What is the role of UBE3A in Angelman Syndrome?
UBE3A is involved in
protein degradation
Its dysfunction leads to symptoms of Angelman Syndrome
View source
What are the implications of the histone code in gene regulation?
Predicts regulatory regions
Influences gene expression outcomes
View source
What are the roles of histone modifications in transcription regulation?
Modifications correlate with
active/silent genes
Influence
transcriptional elongation
and
replication
View source
What is the significance of the 5mC to 5hmC conversion?
Represents a potential
regulatory mechanism
Involves active
demethylation processes
View source
How does epigenetics contribute to cancer development?
Alters gene expression patterns
Disrupts cellular homeostasis
View source
What are the common molecular abnormalities in imprinting disorders?
Uniparental disomy
Methylation changes
Chromosomal abnormalities
View source
What is the significance of the methylation cycle in epigenetics?
Regulates gene expression
Involves dynamic changes during development
View source
See all 43 cards
See similar decks
8.4.1 Epigenetics
AQA A-Level Biology > 8. The Control of Gene Expression > 8.4 Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression
100 cards
3.4.2 Epigenetic Modifications
Edexcel A-Level Biology > Topic 3: Voice of the Genome > 3.4 Gene Expression and Regulation
26 cards
8.4 Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression
AQA A-Level Biology > 8. The Control of Gene Expression
126 cards
8.4.2 DNA Methylation and Histone Modification
AQA A-Level Biology > 8. The Control of Gene Expression > 8.4 Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression
26 cards
epigenetics
23 cards
Epigenetics
28 cards
epigenetics
31 cards
epigenetics
53 cards
Epigenetics
4 cards
epigenetics
78 cards
epigenetics
sf1
61 cards
Epigenetics
Topic 3B-More Exchange and Transport Systems
6 cards
Epigenetics
2 cards
Epigenetic Visualisation
Epigenetics and gene regulation.
34 cards
epigenetics
A level Bio > UNIT 8
14 cards
Epigenetics
Biology- A level AQA > 8. The control of gene expression
22 cards
Epigenetics
Biology > Topic Three - Voice of the Genome > Developmental Biology
22 cards
epigenetics
Biology > Topic 3: Voice of the genome
11 cards
Epigenetics
Bio 8- Mutations and gene expressions
10 cards
Epigenetics
Biology SNAB > Areas for development
8 cards
EPIGENETICS
24 cards