Organisation

• What is the list of the level of organisation?

  -Cells

  -Tissues

  -Organs

  -Organ system

  -Organism
• What is a cell?

  The smallest unit of an organism
• Give two examples of cells

  -Plant~ Palisade cells

  -Animal~ Glandular cells
• What is a tissue?

  A group of cells with a similar structure and function, which all work together to do a particular job.
• Give two examples of tissues

  -Plants~ Leaf epithelium

  -Animals~ Stomach lining
• What is an organ?

  A group of different tissues, which all work together to do a particular job.
• Give two examples of organs

  -Plants~ Leaves

  -Animals~ Stomach
• What is an organ system?

  A group of organs, which all work together to do a particular job
• Give two examples of organ systems

  -Plant~ Photosynthetic system

  -Animal~ Digestive system
• What is an organism?

  An individual plant, animal, or single celled organism.
• Give two examples of Organisms

  -Plant~ Daffodil

  -Animals~ Human
• What does digestion mean?

  Breaking down food molecules into smaller molecules
• Digestive system

  -Mouth

  -Oesophagus/ gullet

  -Liver

  -Stomach

  -Liver

  -Pancreas

  -Small intestine

  -Large intestine

  -Rectum
• What does the mouth do?

  -Chewing~ Mechanical digestion

  -Amylase~ Saliva, chemical digestion
• What does the oesophagus/ gullet do?

  -Muscles contract to push food~ Peristalsis
• What does the Liver do?

  Bile is produced here
• What does Bile do?

  -Neutralises acidic chime (food leaving the stomach)

  -Emulsifies the Surface Area of fats.
• What does the pancreas do?

  Makes digestive enzymes
• What does the stomach do?

  -Has an acid with a pH of <3

  -Churns to aid the breakdown of food
• What does the gall bladder do?

  Stores bile
• What does the large intestine do?

  -Removes water
• What does the small intestine do?

  -Digestion

  -Absorption of nutrients
• What does the rectum do?

  -Stores faeces~ egestion
• What happens in the small intestine?

  -Diffusion
• What makes the small intestine good at diffusion?

  -Short diffusion pathway

  -High surface area~ villi

  -Good blood supply

  -Thin walled~ One cell thick

  -Moist walls
• What are carbohydrates made of?

  Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• What breaks down carbohydrates?

  -Carbohydrase into glucose
• What are lipids made of?

  -Solid fats and liquid fats/oils
• What are lipids broken down by?

  Lipase
• What are proteins made of?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
• What are proteins broken down by?

  Protease
• What does Iodine test for?

  Starch

  -Carbohydrates
• What is the method to test for starch?

  Add a few drops Iodine to the sample.
• What colour does a positive result for starch test?

  Blue/Black
• What does Benedicts solution test for?

  Glucose
• What is the method for testing for glucose?

  Add Benedicts solution to the sample and heat it by a water bath
• What colour is a positive result for glucose test?

  Green- Low

  Yellow- Medium

  Brick red- High precipitate
• What does Ethanol test for?

  Lipids
• What is the colour for a positive result of a lipids test?

  Milky white
• What is the method for testing for lipids?

  Add distilled water to sample and then add ethanol