Paper 2 - Human

• What is urbanization?

  More people moving into towns and cities
• When did the UN announce that over 50% of the world's population lives in urban areas?

  In 2007
• What are the two main causes of urbanization?

  Rural to urban migration and natural increase
• What are push factors in migration?

  Reasons that make you leave a place
• What are pull factors in migration?

  Reasons that draw you into a place
• What does natural increase refer to?

  Birth rate exceeds death rate
• What might cause an increase in birth rate?

  Lack of contraception and younger population
• What is a mega city?

  An urban area with over 10 million people
• What is a millionaire city?

  An urban area with 1 million people
• Where are most mega cities located?

  In NES and LICs
• What are brownfield sites?

  Previously developed areas of land
• What does urban greening promote?

  Green areas within towns and cities
• What is sustainability in urban living?

  Ability to maintain practices over time
• What is one method of water conservation?

  Collecting rainwater
• What is tempo housing?

  Homes made from recycled shipping containers
• What is a benefit of tempo housing?

  25% cheaper than conventional homes
• What is a downside of tempo housing?

  Still expensive for some locals
• What are the three branches of urban problems?

  Environmental, economic, and social problems
• What is the congestion charge?

  A fee to reduce traffic congestion
• What is Curitiba known for?

  Articulated buses and waste management
• What is the significance of London in the UK?

  Wealthiest and largest capital city
• What is gentrification?

  Revitalization of urban areas leading to rising costs
• What is the London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC)?

  Set up to improve rundown docks
• What is a criticism of the London Docklands regeneration?

  Outpriced local residents from their homes
• What is the demographic transition model?

  Plots a country's development across five stages
• What are the three branches of development?

  Economic, social, and environmental development
• What does HDI stand for?

  Human Development Index
• What does uneven development mean?

  Development is not the same everywhere
• What are physical factors affecting uneven development?

  Access to natural resources and climate
• What are human factors affecting uneven development?

  Aid and infrastructure development
• What is the significance of Lagos in Nigeria?

  Largest city with rapid population growth
• What is a major challenge faced by Lagos?

  High levels of pollution and informal housing
• What is a benefit of Lagos's growth?

  68% receiving secondary education
• What is a significant environmental challenge in Lagos?

  Water, air, and land pollution
• What is the role of economic indicators in measuring development?

  Focus on financial aspects like GDP
• What is the role of social indicators in measuring development?

  Focus on health and education metrics
• What is the significance of the demographic transition model's stages?

  Shows changes in population and development
• What is the importance of understanding LICs, NES, and HICs?

  Helps categorize countries by development level
• What is the significance of the HDI as a measure of development?

  Combines social and economic indicators
• What is the impact of trade on development?

  Facilitates economic growth and resource access