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dna structure & replication
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Cards (15)
draw the structure of a nucleotide?
nucleotide
name the pentose sugar in dna?
deoxyribose
when does dna replication occur?
before mitosis
what is dna?
contains
genetic
info of all living organisms
its used to instruct organism
function
,
development
&
reproduction
dna nitrogenous bases?
adnenine
&
thymine
-
2H
cytosine
&
guanine
-
3H
dna structure?
monomer nucleotide
complimentary
base pairs
double
stranded -
anti
parallel
sugar
phosphate
backbone
adjacent
deoxyribose
sugars linked by
phosphodiester
bonds
5'
&
3'
ends give dna strands
directionality
dna
tightly
coiled by
proteins
to fit into
nucleus
dna
&
histone
protein -
chromatin
purines?
adenine &
gunanine
2
carbon
nitrogen ring bases
pyrimidine?
cytosine
&
thymine
1
carbon
nitrogen ring base
why is dna replication important?
before
mitosis
&
meiosis
dna replication must occur - basis for
biological inheritance
certain
somatic cells
divide by
mitosis
so body can develop &
grow
tissues
/organs
maintained &
repaired
in response to
injury
meiosis
occurs in specialised
germ cells
to produce
sperm
&
oocytes
dna replication process?
double helix
separates into
2
strands -
helicase
breaks
h bonds
holding 2 strands together - each strand acts as
template
dna
polymerase
makes dna in
5' to 3'
direction - adds
nucleotides
to template strand
dna
primase
binds to
3' end
of strand - always binds at
starting
point
leading strand
is template - replicated in same
direction
as movement of
repli fork
repli of
lagging strand
discontinuous - movement of dna
polymerase
in opp direction of repli fork requires
multiple
rna
primers
dna
polymerase
synthesise short
fragments
of dna -
okazaki fragment
4 types of mutation?
base substitution
deletion
insertion
rearrangement
mutations?
arise
spontaneously
due to errors
induced by dna
damage
radiation
can damage dna
mutagens
-
carcinogens
mutations in somatic cell?
not
inherited
may lead to
cancer
mutations in germ cell?
inherited
in
offspring
new
genetic disease
what is dna replication
biological
process of producing 2
identical
replicas
of dna from 1
original
dna molecule
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