National grid

• What is the national grid?

  A giant network of transformers and wires
• Where does most electricity in the UK come from?

  Power stations
• How do power stations generate electricity?

  By converting thermal energy into electrical energy
• What factors influence how much electricity power stations generate?

  Electricity demand
• When does electricity demand generally peak?

  Late afternoon and evening
• Why do power stations run at below maximum output?

  To cope with surges in demand
• What is the equation for power?

  Power = Voltage × Current
• What happens when high current flows through a wire?

  It generates lots of heat due to resistance
• How do we minimize energy loss during transmission?

  By keeping the current low and voltage high
• What do we use to increase voltage before transmission?

  Step up transformers
• To what voltage do step up transformers increase electricity?

  Around 400,000 volts
• What do the wires in the national grid do?

  Transmit electricity across the country
• What do we use to lower voltage before it reaches homes?

  Step down transformers
• To what voltage do step down transformers reduce electricity?

  Around 230 volts
• Why is it important to lower the voltage before use?

  High voltages are dangerous and can damage appliances
• What is the process of electricity generation and transmission in the national grid?

  • Electricity generated in power stations
  • Step up transformers increase voltage to 400,000 volts
  • Electricity transmitted across the country via wires
  • Step down transformers reduce voltage to 230 volts for safety
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