cell structure

• organelles (vocab)


  a membrane-bound compartment with a specific function in animal, plant and fungal cells
• cell membrane (vocab)


  a selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cell cytoplasm and controlling the entry and exit of materials
• nucleus (vocab)

  the organelle that is the control centre of a cell containing the genetic information of the organism
• cytoplasm (vocab)


  a jelly-like liquid containing cell organelles and the site of chemical reactions
• chloroplast (vocab)


  an organelle containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis
• vacuole(vocab)

  contains cell sap in plant and some fungal cells
• cell wall (vocab)


  the structure which supports and prevents the cell from bursting
• mitochondria (vocab)


  the organelle which is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production in cells
• ribosome (vocab)


  the site of protein synthesis
• bacterial (vocab)


  type of cell containing a plasmid and no organelles
• plasmid (vocab)


  circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and used in genetic engineering or modification
• cellulose (vocab)


  the structural carbohydrate of which plant cell walls are composed
• unicellular


  single-celled organisms
• examples of unicellular organisms:

  yeast and algae
• multicellular


  organisms consisting of more than one cell
• examples of multicellular organisms:

  • animals such as humans and jellyfish
  • plants such as grass and seaweed
• what stain is used to allow you to see a structure of a cell more clearly?

  iodine stain
• measuring cell size

  • cells are tiny and usually measured in micrometres (m)
  • 1 millimetre (mm) = 1000 micrometres (um)
  • 1 micrometre (um) = $\frac{1}{1000}$ (or 0.001) millimetre (um)
  • rule: $\frac{magnified\ size}{magnification}$
• 3 structures that are found in both plant and animal cells:

  cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm
• 3 structures that are found in plant cells but not animal cells:

  chloroplast, vacuole and cell wall
• animal cell diagram:

  A) cell membrane

  B) nucleus

  C) cytoplasm

  D) mitochondria

  E) ribosome

  
• plant cell diagram:

  A) cell wall

  B) vacuole

  C) cytoplasm

  D) ribosome

  E) chloroplast

  F) mitochondria

  G) cell membrane

  H) nucleus

  
• fungal cell diagram:

  A) cell wall

  B) cell membrane

  C) vacuole

  D) cytoplasm

  E) mitochondria

  F) ribosome

  G) nucleus

  
• bacterial cell diagram:

  A) cell membrane

  B) cell wall

  C) ribosome

  D) chromosome

  E) cytoplasm

  F) plasmids

  
• examples of cells that contain lots of mitochondria and why they require energy:


  sperm cells - to swim to the egg

  nerve cells - to produce neurotransmitters
• why is the fungal cell's shape different to a plant cell?

  cell wall is made of a different chemical
• how do bacterial cells differ from animal, plant and fungal cells?

  • bacterial cells lack membrane bound organelles such as a nucleus and mitochondria
  • bacterial cells have a very different cell wall structure from plant and fungal cells
• how are cell walls of plant cells differ from fungal and bacterial cells?

  plant cell walls are made from cellulose but bacteria and fungal cells are not
• cell membrane are found in:

  fungal, bacterial, animal and plant cells
• cytoplasm are found in:

  fungal, bacterial, animal and plant cells
• ribosomes are found in:

  fungal, bacterial, animal and plant cells
• nucleus are only found in:

  fungal, animal and plant cells
• mitochondria are only found in:

  fungal, animal and plant cells
• cell wall are only found in:

  fungal, bacterial and plant cells
• vacuole are only found in:

  fungal and plant cells
• chloroplast are only found in:

  plant cells
• plasmids are only found in:

  bacterial cells