EARTHSCI Q2 EXAM

• What is an earthquake?

  An intense shaking of Earth's surface
• What causes the shaking during an earthquake?

  Movements in Earth's outermost layer
• What are the four types of earthquakes?

  • Volcanic
  • Explosion
  • Tectonic
  • Collapse
• What is a volcanic earthquake?

  Results from tectonic forces with volcanic activity
• What causes explosion earthquakes?

  Detonation of nuclear and/or chemical devices
• What is a tectonic earthquake?

  Occurs when the earth's crust breaks due to geological forces
• What are collapse earthquakes?

  Small earthquakes in underground caverns and mines
• How is earthquake intensity described?

  In terms of effects on surface and humans
• What scale is used to measure earthquake intensity?

  Modified Mercalli (MM) Intensity Scale
• Who translated the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale?

  Harry Wood and Frank Neumann
• What are the intensity levels on the Modified Mercalli Scale?

  I - Scarcely Perceptible

  II - Slightly Felt

  III - Weak

  IV - Moderately Strong

  V - Strong

  VI - Very Strong

  VII - Destructive

  VIII - Very Destructive

  IX - Devastating

  X - Completely Devastating
• What does magnitude measure in an earthquake?

  The amount of energy released during an earthquake
• What scale is frequently used to describe earthquake magnitude?

  The Richter scale
• Who developed the Richter scale?

  Charles Richter
• What is a fault?

  A fracture or zone of fractures between rock blocks
• What are some famous fault lines?

  1. San Andreas Fault
  2. New Madrid Fault Line
  3. Pacific Plate
  4. Nazca Plate
  5. Scotia Plate
  6. Cocos Plate
  7. Caribbean Plate
  8. Philippine Plate
  9. Fiji Plate
• What defines an active fault?

  Likely to have another earthquake in the future
• What is an inactive fault?

  Structures that do not have earthquakes
• What is the Philippine Fault System?

  A major system of geological faults in the Philippines
• What is the Philippine Mobile Belt?

  Geological formation attributed to tectonic forces
• What are terranes?

  Long and narrow geological formations
• What is the threat posed by the Marikina Fault?

  Significant threat of a large-scale earthquake
• What is the estimated magnitude of an earthquake from the Marikina Fault?

  Magnitude of 6-7
• What is the predicted death toll from a Marikina Fault earthquake?

  As high as 35,000
• How are the fault lines in the Philippines defined?

  By zones of convergence and tectonic forces
• What is the significance of the West Philippine Fault?

  It runs through the seas of the Western Philippines
• When was the last slip of the Marikina Fault calculated to have occurred?

  In 1771 AD
• What is the Eastern Philippine Fault (EPF)?

  Discovered under the ground like WPF
• What is the Central Philippine Fault known for?

  Causing large earthquakes in the archipelago
• What is the Tagoloan River Fault?

  One of the northern Mindanao active faults
• Why is it important to know about faults?

  To predict where earthquakes are likely to occur
• What are the vocabulary terms related to earthquakes?

  • Compression-Hanging Wall
  • Hypocenter
  • Epicenter
  • Fault
  • Fault Plane
  • Foot Wall
  • Normal Fault
  • Reverse Fault
  • Shear
  • Strike-slip Fault
  • Tectonic Plates
  • Tension
• What is a typhoon?

  An intense circular storm over warm oceans
• What is PAGASA?

  Philippine Atmospheric and Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration
• How many tropical cyclones does the Philippines experience annually?

  About 20 tropical cyclones
• Why are storms named?

  To facilitate tracking and communication
• What are the reasons for naming storms?

  1. Clear Communication
  2. Avoid Confusion
  3. International Standard
  4. Increases awareness
• What are the effects of tropical storms?

  1. Heavy Rainfall and flooding
  2. High Winds
  3. Storm Surge
  4. Impact on Ecosystem
  5. Human and Economic Impact
  6. Long Term Environmental Changes
• What are Public Warning Storm Signals (PSWS)?

  Warnings for incoming weather disturbances
• When are PSWS typically raised?

  When a tropical storm or typhoon approaches