AMERICAN WEST

• What was a significant push factor for migration west?

  Free farming land in the west
• What was the Oregon Trail known for?

  It was a popular migration route
• Who were the first people to use the Oregon Trail?

  Two married couples who were missionaries
• What was the belief of Manifest Destiny?

  White Americans had a God-given right to expand
• What were the challenges faced by the Mormons during their migration?

  • Persecution for their beliefs
  • Forced to leave Illinois after Joseph Smith's murder
  • Difficult journey to the Salt Lake Valley
  • Need for organization and resource management
• What were the key events in Wyatt Earp's life related to law enforcement?

  • Became law enforcement in 1874
  • Served as deputy marshall in Tombstone
  • Involved in the gunfight at the OK Corral
  • Faced public backlash after the gunfight
• What were the impacts of the railroads on the American West?

  • Made migration and travel easier
  • Connected agricultural and industrial regions
  • Enabled cattle transport to eastern cities
  • Led to the removal of Native tribes from land
• What were the economic conditions that prompted migration westward?

  • Economic crisis in the East
  • Collapse of banks and loss of jobs
  • Availability of free farming land
  • Need for new opportunities and resources
• Where did the building of the railroad begin in the United States?

  In Sacramento
• What economic conditions in the East contributed to the railroad's profitability?

  There was an economic crisis in 1833
• What happened to banks during the economic crisis in the East in 1833?

  Banks collapsed
• What was a significant push factor for migration to the West?

  Free farming land in the West
• What was the Oregon Trail known for?

  It was a migration route to Oregon
• Why was a railroad needed for migration to the West?

  The sea-route was expensive and difficult
• Who publicized the route to Oregon in 1825?

  Jedidiah Smith
• How many people migrated using the Oregon Trail?

  400,000 people
• Who were the first people to use the Oregon Trail?

  Two married couples who were missionaries
• What was the belief of Manifest Destiny?

  White Americans had a God-given right to populate America
• What event in 1849 led to a mass migration to California?

  The Gold Rush
• What was the population of California by 1855 due to the Gold Rush?

  300,000 people
• What were some consequences of the Gold Rush for California's economy?

  It helped recover from the economic crisis
• What was Red Cloud's role in the Lakota Sioux tribe?

  He was a respected war chief
• What triggered Red Cloud's War?

  Gold discovery in Montana and the Bozeman Trail
• What treaty did the government break that affected the Lakota Sioux?

  The Laramie Treaty of 1851
• What was the outcome of the Fetterman Fight?

  Captain Fetterman and his men were killed
• What did the Second Fort Laramie Treaty signify after Red Cloud's War?

  Old government approaches were ineffective
• What was the Sand Creek Massacre?

  A raid on Black Kettle's camp by troops
• What was the long-term cause of the Sand Creek Massacre?

  Growing tension over land and resources
• Who led the raid on Black Kettle's camp during the Sand Creek Massacre?

  Colonel Chivington
• What was the result of the Sand Creek Massacre?

  Tensions rose and attacks on forts increased
• How did the American Civil War impact the government’s approach to the West?

  It allowed Northern states to pass significant laws
• What were the two significant laws passed during the Civil War for the West?

  Homestead Act and Pacific Railroad Act
• What was the purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862?

  To settle the West with individual farms
• What was the impact of the Civil War on cattle movement?

  Cattle weren't moved to selling points
• Who was Joseph McCoy and what did he do?

  He established Abilene as a cattle transit point
• What was the Great Die-Up of 1886-87?

  A harsh winter that killed many cattle
• What was the effect of the Great Die-Up on ranching?

  It ended ranching on the open range
• How did John Iliff contribute to the cattle industry?

  He pioneered ranching on open ranges
• What did the Homestead Act allow people to do?

  Claim chunks of 160 acres of public land
• What tactics did ranchers use against homesteaders?

  Threatened violence and pulled claims