T02: The 3D pipeline

• What are the three main stages of the 3D pipeline?

  Pre-production, Production, Post-Production
• What does the production stage involve in the 3D pipeline?

  Creating models, characters, and other assets
• What is the focus of post-production in the 3D pipeline?

  Finalizing visual effects and rendering
• What does modeling refer to in the 3D pipeline?

  Making objects
• How is animation defined in the context of 3D graphics?

  Deforming 3D objects in motion or still images
• What is rendering in 3D graphics?

  Texturing and lighting with render engines
• How do the directions of the xyz coordinates differ between software?

  Blender uses Z as up, Maya uses Y
• What do position numbers represent in 3D modeling?

  Units compared to meters using pivot points
• What is gimbal lock in 3D rotation?

  Losing rotation axes, reducing freedom
• What is Euler rotation?

  The order of rotation with x, y, z
• What does the order of rotation (xyz, xzy, zyx) indicate?

  How rotations are calculated in 3D space
• What is quaternion rotation?

  A mathematical alternative to Euler rotation
• What does the roll in quaternion rotation refer to?

  X-axis rotation
• What does the pitch in quaternion rotation refer to?

  Y-axis rotation
• What does the yaw in quaternion rotation refer to?

  Z-axis rotation
• What does the parent-child relationship in object relations mean?

  Child inherits transformation from parent
• What does snapping refer to in 3D modeling?

  Sticking to something
• What are the two main reasons for using a low poly workflow?

  Model is adjustable later and saving resources in real time en
• What is box modeling?

  Using a pre-existing mesh to model
• What is edge modeling?

  Using reference images as blueprints
• What does rigging in animation involve?

  Assigning vertices to bones for deformation
• What is the purpose of simulation in 3D graphics?

  To set parameters for physics effects
• What does rendering compute in 3D graphics?

  Converting 3D scenes into 2D images/videos
• What is real-time rendering?


  Updating visuals in real-time
• What is the typical frame rate for games?

  60-140 frames per second
• What is raytraced rendering?

  Tracing individual rays per pixel
• What is recursive ray tracing?

  Adding additional rays when a face is hit
• What is path tracing in rendering?

  A method to render realistic images
• What does Global Illumination (GI) refer to?

  Lighting effects in 3D rendering
• What are materials in 3D graphics?

  Values, colors, textures, and lights
• What are maps used for in textures?

  Providing texture information like color and roughness
• What is UV-mapping?

  Using different coordinates for 2D planes
• What is tri-planar mapping?

  Projecting textures on defined x, y, z coordinates
• How can you scale an object in UV-layout?

  Scale object bigger for repeating textures
• What is the focus of pre-production in the 3d pipeline?

  Preparation, concepts, placeholders
• What does Roll mean in Euler Rotation?

  X rotation
• What does Pitch mean in Euler rotation?

  Y rotation
• What does Yaw mean in Euler Rotation?

  Z rotation
• Real-time apps (4)

  Godot

  Unity

  Unreal

  Sketchfab