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Human Biology
Neurobiology
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Cards (66)
What are the two main sections of the nervous system?
Central nervous system
and
peripheral nervous system
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What is the role of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Receives
information
and
decides
responses
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How do nerve impulses reach effectors?
Through
motor neurons
from the
CNS
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What are effectors in the nervous system?
Muscles
or
glands
that
respond
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What type of neuron carries impulses from receptors?
Sensory neuron
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What is the function of an inter neuron?
Transmits impulses between sensory and motor neurons
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What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?
Peripheral nerves
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What does the somatic nervous system control?
Voluntary movement
of skeletal muscles
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What type of neurons does the somatic nervous system contain?
Sensory
and
motor neurons
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How does the autonomic nervous system function?
Automatically
and
involuntarily
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What regulates the actions of the autonomic nervous system?
The
medulla
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What does it mean that the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are antagonistic?
They have
opposite
effects on the same
structures
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What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
Involved in "
fight or flight
" responses
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How does the sympathetic system prepare the body for action?
Increases heart rate and breathing rate
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What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Involved in "
rest and digest
" responses
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How does the parasympathetic system affect heart rate?
Decreases heart rate and
breathing rate
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What happens to blood flow during sympathetic activation?
Diverts blood from the
gut
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What is a converging neural pathway?
Impulses from several sources channel to one
neuron
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How do converging neural pathways affect sensitivity?
Increase sensitivity to
signals
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What is a diverging neural pathway?
Impulses influence several
neurons
simultaneously
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How do diverging pathways assist in muscle control?
Transmit
impulses
to different muscles
simultaneously
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What is a reverberating neural pathway?
Neurons
synapse
with earlier ones to recycle impulses
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What is the function of reverberating pathways?
Stimulate
presynaptic neurons
repeatedly
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What does the medulla control?
Heart and
breathing
rate
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What is the role of the cerebellum?
Controls
balance
and muscular coordination
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What is the cerebral cortex?
Outer layer of the
cerebrum
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What functions does the cerebral cortex perform?
Conscious thought
,
memory recall
, behavior alteration
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What are the three areas of the cerebral cortex?
Sensory
,
motor
, and
association areas
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What do association areas in the cerebral cortex do?
Analyze and interpret
impulses
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How are the two hemispheres of the brain connected?
By the
corpus callosum
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What is the serial position effect?
Better recall of items at the beginning and end
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What is the capacity of short-term memory (STM)?
About
seven
items
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How can items be maintained in STM?
By
rehearsal
and
chunking
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What is chunking in memory?
Grouping
individual
units
into
larger
units
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How does rehearsal help STM?
Extends time information is
stored
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What happens to items in STM after a short period?
Moved to
long-term memory
or lost
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What is the first level of memory?
Sensory memory
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What is the role of encoding in memory?
Transfer information from
STM
to
LTM
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What is the capacity of long-term memory (LTM)?
Unlimited
capacity
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What processes facilitate the transfer of information to LTM?
Rehearsal
,
organization
, and
elaboration
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See all 66 cards
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