Anatomy terminology basics

• What is the anatomical position?

  Standing upright, arms at sides, palms forward
• Why is the anatomical position important?

  It serves as a reference for anatomical terms
• What are the main anatomical planes?

  • Mid-sagittal/median
  • Sagittal
  • Frontal (coronal)
  • Transverse (axial)
• What does the mid-sagittal plane do?

  Divides the body into right and left halves
• What does the frontal plane divide?

  Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
• What is the function of directional terms in anatomy?

  To describe the position and relation of structures
• What are the main directional terms in anatomy?

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Ventral
  • Dorsal
  • Proximal
  • Distal
  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Cranial
  • Caudal
  • External
  • Internal
  • Superficial
  • Deep
• What does 'proximal' mean in anatomical terms?

  Closer to the trunk or point of origin
• What does 'distal' refer to?

  Farthest away from the trunk or origin
• What is flexion in anatomical movements?

  Decreasing the angle between two structures
• What are the main types of movements in anatomy?

  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Rotation
  • Pronation
  • Supination
  • Inversion
  • Eversion
• What does 'abduction' mean in anatomical terms?

  Moving away from the midline of the body
• What is the anatomical term for moving towards the midline?

  Adduction
• What does 'circumduction' involve?

  Combined movement of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
• What are the main anatomical regions of the human body?

  • Head
  • Neck
  • Thorax
  • Abdomen
  • Pelvis
  • Upper extremity
  • Lower extremity
• How are anatomical regions defined?

  By landmarks provided by visible structures
• What are the regions of the upper limb?

  Shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand
• What are the regions of the lower limb?

  Hip, gluteal, thigh, knee, leg, ankle, foot
• What is surface anatomy?

  • Study of visible structures
  • Provides landmarks for anatomical regions
• What are some examples of surface landmarks on the trunk?

  Anterior/posterior median lines, ribs, sternum
• What is the significance of anatomical terminology?

  It allows clear communication among healthcare professionals
• How do anatomical regions aid healthcare professionals?

  They provide universally accepted terms for communication
• What are the anatomical regions of the head and neck?

  Frontal, orbital, nasal, oral, mental
• Name three triangles found in the neck region.

  Submandibular, carotid, muscular triangles
• How are the extremities divided?

  According to their anatomical contents
• What are the regions of the upper limb?

  Scapular, axillary, deltoid, brachial
• List two regions of the lower limb.

  Femoral triangle, gluteal region
• What are the two approaches to abdominal regions in medical practice?

  1. Four abdominal quadrants:

  • Right upper (RQQ)
  • Left upper (LUQ)
  • Right lower (RLQ)
  • Left lower (LLQ)

  1. Nine abdominal regions:

  • Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
  • Left lumbar, umbilical, right lumbar
  • Right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
• What is the significance of body cavities?

  They compartmentalize and protect organs
• What are the two groups of body cavities?

  Anterior and posterior cavitary groups
• What does the cranial cavity contain?

  The central nervous system
• What fluid fills the cranial cavity?

  Cerebrospinal fluid
• What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

  The diaphragm
• What is a synovial joint?

  A joint with synovial fluid between bones
• How many main types of synovial joints are there?

  Six main types
• What are the six main types of synovial joints?

  1. Pivot joint
  2. Ball and socket joint
  3. Condyloid joint
  4. Saddle joint
  5. Hinge joint
  6. Plane joint
• Which joints are considered synovial in the human body?

  Shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle
• What structures are involved in the brain's anatomy?

  Gyri, sulci, fissures, ventricles
• What are the parts of the brain?

  Cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brainstem
• What is the function of the frontal lobe?

  Motor function, problem solving, memory