endocrine system .

• What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

  To manufacture and secrete hormones
• How does the endocrine system work with the nervous system?

  It controls bodily functions alongside the nervous system
• How does the speed of the endocrine system compare to the nervous system?

  It is slower and more gradual
• What are hormones carried towards in the body?

  Target organs
• What regulates the endocrine system to ensure stable hormone concentration?

  Feedback mechanisms
• What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

  It sends releasing hormones to the pituitary gland
• What does the pituitary gland secrete in response to releasing hormones?

  Stimulating hormones
• What happens when hormone levels rise in the bloodstream?

  The hypothalamus and pituitary gland reduce hormone secretion
• What is the function of endocrine glands?

  To produce and secrete hormones
• What is the pituitary gland often referred to as?

  The master gland
• What role do adrenal glands play in the body?

  They facilitate the fight-or-flight response
• What hormone do the testes release?

  Testosterone
• What hormones do the ovaries release?

  Estrogen and progesterone
• How do hormones influence behavior?

  Each hormone affects behavior differently
• What are target cells?

  Cells that have specific receptors for hormones
• What happens if a cell lacks a receptor for a hormone?

  It cannot be influenced by that hormone
• Why is the timing of hormone release critical?

  It ensures normal functioning of bodily systems
• What condition can result from high cortisol levels?

  Cushing's syndrome
• What does the adrenal cortex produce?

  Cortisol and aldosterone
• What is the function of cortisol?

  It has cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory functions
• What does aldosterone maintain?

  Blood volume and blood pressure
• What hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

  Adrenaline and noradrenaline
• How does adrenaline affect the body during stress?

  It increases heart rate and blood flow
• What is the role of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

  Production of eggs and hormones
• What hormone is produced by the testes?

  Testosterone
• What characteristics does testosterone promote in males?

  Facial hair, deep voice, growth spurts
• How is testosterone production regulated?

  By the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
• What additional roles does testosterone play in the body?

  Sex drive, sperm production, muscle maintenance
• Do women produce testosterone?

  Yes, but in smaller amounts
• What is the role of feedback mechanisms in hormone regulation?

  To maintain stable hormone concentrations
• What are the specific functions of cortisol?

  Cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory functions
• Why is progesterone important in the menstrual cycle?

  It regulates the post-ovulation phase
• What physiological reactions occur when receptor sites are stimulated?

  A physiological reaction in the target cell occurs