Translation

• • translation is the process in which the mRNA is 'read' and translated into a protein
  • Translation occurs in ribosomes
  • the process involves another type of RNA molceule known as transfer RNA or tRNA
• Steps of translation part 1

  1. the mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm
  2. a ribosome becomes attached to the mRNA
  3. the genetic code on the mRNA is read in groups of 3 letters called codons
  4. tRNA molecules have specific anticodons for each of the 20 amino acids
  5. the complementary anticodon is attached to the first codon on the mRNA and forms weak hydrogen bonds
• translation part 2

  1. the secind codon on mRNA also attracts its complementary anticodon on tRNA
  2. a peptide bond is formed between the adjacent amino acids
  3. the ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule
  4. the third tRNA moves in place, the anticodon linking with its complementary codon
  5. a peptide bond form between the 2 amino acids
  6. a stop codon is reached
• translation part 3

  1. a polypeptide chain has been formed and is released into the cytoplasm
  2. several ribosomes may pass alonng the mRNA behind the first - each producing an identical polypeptide
  3. the tRNA molecules are activated again after being use by recombining with their specific amino acid, this requires energy in the form of ATP.