Controlling blood glucose

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  It helps cells take up glucose from blood
• What are the two types of diabetes mentioned?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• How is Type 1 diabetes treated?

  By injecting insulin when glucose rises
• How does blood glucose concentration change in a person with Type 1 diabetes after a meal?

  It rises and stays high due to insufficient insulin
• What is the main issue in Type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is Type 2 diabetes typically treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet and exercise
• What is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What hormone does the pancreas release when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What effect does glucagon have on the liver?

  It triggers conversion of glycogen to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon work together in blood glucose regulation?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  • Maintaining constant blood glucose levels
  • Involves insulin and glucagon
  • Essential for energy release by cells
• Describe the process of blood glucose regulation after a carbohydrate-rich meal.

  1. Blood glucose rises after meal
  2. Pancreas senses increase
  3. Insulin is released into bloodstream
  4. Body cells take up glucose
  5. Excess glucose stored as glycogen
  6. Blood glucose returns to normal
• What are the effects of insulin and glucagon on blood glucose levels?

  • Insulin: Lowers blood glucose levels
  • Glucagon: Raises blood glucose levels
  • They work in opposition to maintain balance