formulas

• what is the formula for total costs


  total cost = fixed costs + variable costs
• what is the formula for variable cost


  variable cost = cost of one unit x quantity produced
• what is the formula for revenue


  revenue = price per unit x quantity sold
• what is the formula for break-even?


  break-even point (units) = fixed costs / (sales price - variable cost)
• what is the formula for margin of safety


  margin of safety (units)=Actual Sales (units) − Breakeven Sales (units)
• what is the formula for interest (on loans) in %


  interest (on loans) in % = total repayment - borrowed amount / borrowed amount x 100
• what is the formula for net cash flow


  net cash flow = cash inflows (receipts) - cash outflows in a given period (payments)
• what is the formula for opening balance


  opening balance = closing balance of the previous period
• what is the formula for closing balance


  closing balance = opening balance + net cash flow
• what is the formula for profit


  profit/loss = total revenue - total costs
• what is the formula for gross profit


  gross profit = sales revenue - cost of sales
• what is the formula for gross profit margin


  gross profit margin (%) = gross profit / sales revenue x 100
• what is the formula for net profit


  net profit = gross profit - other operating expenses and interest
• what is the formula for net profit margin


  net profit margin (%) = net profit / sales revenue x 100
• what is the formula for average rate of return 


  average rate of return (%) = average annual profit (total profit or no. of years) / cost of investment X 100
• what is the formula for percentage growth


  percentage growth = increase in size / original size x 100