L4 typed up

• What impact does the quantity and quality of language have on children's language skills?

  Profound and long-lasting impact
• What correlation exists between a mother's speech output and a child's language skills?

  Mother's speech correlates with child's skills
• What is the significance of book language in children's language development?

  More complex and richer language
• How does being read to affect children's language skills?

  Leads to better language and reading skills
• What are the characteristics of pidgins and creoles?

  • Pidgins:
  • No native speakers
  • Limited vocabulary
  • Simple structure
  • Developed for specific functions
  • Creoles:
  • Native language
  • Rich vocabulary
  • Complex grammar
  • Used for all functions
• What is a pidgin?

  A simplified communication system between groups
• What happens when a pidgin becomes a creole?

  It develops complex grammatical structures
• What are examples of creoles derived from English and French?

  Jamaican Creole and Haitian Creole
• How do pidgins and creoles illustrate language evolution?

  They adapt based on speakers' needs
• What was the situation of deaf individuals in Nicaragua before 1980?

  Largely isolated with no formal education
• What was the outcome of opening a special education school for deaf children in Nicaragua?

  It fostered a gestural communication system
• How did the gestural system evolve into Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL)?

  It transitioned from a pidgin to a creole
• What did Senghas, Kita, & Ozyurek (2004) study about NSL?

  How the early gestural system evolved
• What were the cohorts in Senghas et al. (2004) study based on?

  Year of first exposure to NSL
• What did the results of the study reveal about NSL signers compared to Spanish speakers?

  NSL signers created a morphological system
• What is the significance of regularization in language development?

  It eliminates random variation in language
• How do children learning ASL from non-native users demonstrate regularization?

  They eliminate unpredictable variations in input
• What are the components of ASL motion verbs?

  Path, orientation, manner, location, position
• What are the four determiner conditions in the artificial language experiments?

  1. 100% consistent use (no variation)
  2. 60% presence/40% absence
  3. 60% main determiner with 2 noise determiners
  4. 60% main determiner with 4 noise determiners
• What did the results of the artificial language experiments reveal about children and adults?

  Children are more systematic than adults
• What is the summary of the findings regarding language acquisition from limited input?

  • Children can acquire language with limited input
  • They regularize unpredictable variations
  • Pidgins evolve into creoles through this process
• What is statistical learning in language acquisition?

  Extracting statistical regularities from sequences
• How do children identify words from continuous talk?

  By extracting statistical regularities
• What does it mean that statistical learning is domain-general?

  It applies across various learning contexts