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Paper 1
Atomic Structure & Radioactivity
Radioactivity
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Created by
Syeef Kabir
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Cards (98)
What is meant by radioactive decay?
It is the process of
unstable nuclei
giving out
radiation
.
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How many types of nuclear radiation are there?
Four
types
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What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same
element
with different neutrons.
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Which isotope of carbon is radioactive?
Carbon-14
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What happens to an unstable nucleus during radioactive decay?
It gives out
radiation
to become stable.
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What is the nature of the radioactive decay process?
It is a
completely
random process.
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How is activity measured in radioactive sources?
In
Becquerels
(Bq)
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What does one Becquerel (Bq) equal?
One
decay
per
second
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What is the count rate in radioactivity?
Number of
decays
recorded each
second
.
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How does count rate differ from activity?
Count rate includes
background radiation
.
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What is the first type of radiation emitted by unstable nuclei?
Alpha particles
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What do alpha particles consist of?
Two
protons
and two
neutrons
.
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What is an alpha particle equivalent to?
The nucleus of a
helium atom
.
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What is the second type of radiation called?
Beta particles
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What is a beta particle?
An
electron
ejected from the
nucleus
.
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How is a beta particle formed?
When a
neutron
changes into a
proton
and
electron
.
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What is the third type of radiation?
Gamma rays
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What are gamma rays?
A type of
electromagnetic
radiation.
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What is the fourth type of radiation sometimes emitted?
Neutrons
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What are the four types of nuclear radiation?
Alpha particles
Beta particles
Gamma rays
Neutrons
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What is the process of radioactive decay?
Unstable
nucleus
emits radiation
Nucleus becomes stable
Process is random and
unpredictable
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What are the three types of radiation discussed?
Alpha
,
beta
, and
gamma radiation
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What does it mean for an isotope to be radioactive?
Its
nuclei
decay and release
radiation
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Why can we not predict when radioactive decay will happen?
It is a random
process
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How far can alpha particles travel in air?
About 5
centimeters
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How far can beta particles travel in air?
About 15
centimeters
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How far can gamma radiation travel in air?
Several
meters
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What is the penetrating power of alpha particles?
Stopped by
a single sheet of paper
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What is required to stop beta particles?
A few
millimeters
of
aluminum
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What material can stop gamma radiation?
Several centimeters of
lead
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What does ionizing power refer to?
Ability to cause
atoms
to lose
electrons
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How strongly ionizing are alpha particles?
Very
strongly ionizing
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How strongly ionizing are beta particles?
Quite
strongly ionizing
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How strongly ionizing is gamma radiation?
Weakly ionizing
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What are the key properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation?
Range in air:
Alpha: ~5
cm
Beta: ~15 cm
Gamma: Several
meters
Penetrating power:
Alpha:
Stopped
by
paper
Beta: Stopped by
aluminum
Gamma: Stopped by
lead
Ionizing power:
Alpha: Very
strong
Beta: Quite strong
Gamma:
Weak
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Where can students find more questions on radiation properties?
In the
vision
workbook
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What should you be able to do by the end of the video?
Write
nuclear equations
for
alpha
and
beta decay
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What does a nuclear equation show?
What is produced when a
radioactive
nucleus
decays
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What is an alpha particle composed of?
Two
protons
and two
neutrons
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What symbol is used to represent an alpha particle?
The symbol for
helium
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See all 98 cards
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