Mitosis and meiosis

• What is mitosis?


  Mitosis is cell division producing identical daughter cells
• What are the key characteristics of mitosis?


  Identical genetic material, occurs in somatic cells
• In which type of cells does mitosis occur?


  Somatic (body) cells
• What is the significance of mitosis for organisms?


  Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction
• If a parent cell has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?


  8
• If a parent cell contains 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?


  12
• What are the main purposes of mitosis?


  • Growth
  • Cell replacement
  • Tissue repair
  • Asexual reproduction
  • Maintains genetic consistency
• Which biological process most directly relies on mitosis for its function?


  Wound healing
• What are the four main phases of mitosis?


  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
• In which phase do chromosomes first become visible and start to condense?


  Prophase
• What happens during prophase of mitosis?


  Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane breaks down
• What occurs during metaphase of mitosis?


  Chromosomes align at the cell's center
• What happens during anaphase of mitosis?


  Sister chromatids separate and move to poles
• What occurs during telophase of mitosis?


  Nuclear membranes reform and chromosomes decondense
• What is the primary purpose of meiosis?


  To create gametes with half the chromosome number
• What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?


  Mitosis produces 2 identical cells; meiosis produces 4 unique cells
• What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?


  It creates genetic variation through genetic material exchange
• What is meiosis?


  Meiosis is a specialized cell division for gametes
• How many homologous chromosome pairs do humans have?


  23 pairs
• What defines homologous chromosomes?


  Paired chromosomes with same genes, different alleles
• What happens during meiosis I?


  Homologous chromosomes separate, reducing chromosome number
• What unique event occurs during prophase I of meiosis?


  Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes
• What is the key difference between meiosis II and mitosis?


  Meiosis II produces four unique daughter cells
• What are the main differences between mitosis and meiosis?


  • Mitosis:
  • Purpose: Growth, repair
  • Daughter Cells: 2 identical
  • Chromosome Number: Unchanged
  • Occurs In: Somatic cells
  • Genetic Variation: None
  • Meiosis:
  • Purpose: Sexual reproduction
  • Daughter Cells: 4 unique
  • Chromosome Number: Reduced by half
  • Occurs In: Reproductive cells
  • Genetic Variation: Significant
• In which type of cell division would a skin cell undergoing repair most likely engage?


  Mitosis
• What happens during meiosis II?


  Sister chromatids separate, forming four unique cells
• What is the result of meiosis II?


  Four unique daughter cells
• Chromatids separate at anaphase, resulting in two identical daughter cells with one copy of each chromosome.
• The mitotic spindle is responsible for the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
• Mitotic spindle fibers are composed of microtubules.
• This process occurs in somatic (body) cells to produce new body cells through growth or replacement of damaged tissues.
• Centrioles play a role in organizing microtubules during cell division.
• The number of chromosomes remains unchanged from the parent cell.