individual differences: personality L7

• What are the three characteristics of Type A personality?

  Competitiveness, impatience, and hostility
• What did Ragland and Brand's study (1988) investigate?

  Follow-up on Type A personality and health
• What was the main finding of Ragland and Brand's study regarding Type A personality and mortality?

  Little evidence of a relationship with mortality
• What factors were found to be more important than Type A personality in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD)?

  Age, smoking, and high blood pressure
• What are the characteristics of Type B personality?

  Patient, relaxed, and easy-going
• How do Type B characteristics affect stress-related illness risk?

  They are believed to decrease risk
• What is a key characteristic of Type C personality?

  Suppression of hostility and negative emotions
• What did Myrtek's meta-analysis (2001) identify as a key factor in Type A personality's negative effects?

  Hostility
• What was the relationship found between 'time pressure' and 'competitiveness' in relation to CHD?

  No association was found
• What was the aim of Friedman and Rosenman's study (1959, 1974)?

  To investigate the link between Type C behavior and cancer
• What method did Friedman and Rosenman use to classify personalities?

  Retrospective interviews
• How many men were initially classified in Friedman and Rosenman's study?

  3,000 men
• What was the finding regarding heart attacks in Type A and Type B individuals after 9 years?

  12% of Type As had heart attacks
• What did the findings suggest about Type A individuals and their emotional expression?

  Type As expressed less anger than Type Cs
• What was the conclusion regarding the link between cancer and suppression of anger?

  There is a suggested link
• What was the sample population in Morris et al.'s study (1981)?

  Women attending a cancer clinic
• What was the relationship found between emotional behavior and cancer diagnosis in Morris et al.'s study?

  Women with cancer reported more emotional distress
• What does the study suggest about Type A individuals and their health outcomes?

  Many Type As died from heart attacks