Transpiration

• What are the main organs of a plant?

  Stem, root, and leaves
• What is the function of the organ system in plants?

  To transport substances into, around, and out of a plant
• What are the two main types of plant transport tissues?

  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• What is transpiration in plants?

  The loss of water from leaves by evaporation
• What happens when a plant opens its stomata?

  It lets in carbon dioxide and loses water
• What is the spongy mesophyll?

  Plant tissue with loosely packed cells for gas exchange
• What is the palisade mesophyll?

  Plant tissue with closely packed cells in leaves
• What is evaporation in the context of plants?

  The process where liquid turns into gas
• How does water move out of the leaf during transpiration?

  It evaporates through the stomata
• What is the role of xylem in plants?

  To transport water and minerals
• What are xylem vessels?

  Narrow, hollow, dead tubes in plants
• What causes strong cohesion between water molecules in xylem?

  Hydrogen bonding between water molecules
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The continuous movement of water up the stem
• What is the relationship between transpiration and photosynthesis?

  Transpiration is an unavoidable consequence of photosynthesis
• What percentage of water taken up by plants is used for photosynthesis?

  Five percent
• How does transpiration help cool the leaf?

  Water evaporates, cooling the leaf
• What is turgor in plant cells?

  Cells swollen with water, providing support
• What are root hairs?

  Single-celled extensions of epidermal cells
• How do root hairs absorb water?

  By osmosis from soil water
• Why do minerals enter root hair cells by active transport?

  To move against their concentration gradient
• What is the summary of water uptake, transport, and transpiration in plants?

  1. Water enters roots via osmosis
  2. Water travels through xylem to leaves
  3. Transpiration causes water loss from leaves
  4. Water is replaced by uptake from roots