Sound waves

• What are sound waves essentially described as?

  Vibrations passing through molecules
• How do sound waves travel through materials?

  By causing particles to vibrate
• What type of wave are sound waves classified as?

  Longitudinal waves
• What are compressions in sound waves?

  Regions where particles are closest together
• What are rarefactions in sound waves?

  Regions where particles are furthest apart
• How do sound waves transmit through solids?

  By causing particles to collide and vibrate
• Why do sound waves travel faster in solids?

  Particles are more densely packed
• In which medium do sound waves travel slowest?

  Gases
• Why can't sound travel through a vacuum?

  There are no particles to vibrate
• What happens to the frequency of sound waves when they pass between different mediums?

  It does not change
• What happens to the wavelength when sound speed increases?

  The wavelength must increase
• What happens to the wavelength when sound slows down?

  The wavelength gets shorter
• What phenomenon occurs when sound changes speed between mediums?

  Refraction
• What surfaces reflect most sound waves?

  Hard flat surfaces
• What is the role of the ear canal?

  To direct sound waves to the eardrum
• What happens when sound waves hit the eardrum?

  They cause it to vibrate
• What are ossicles?

  A group of three small bones in the ear
• What does the cochlea do?

  Converts vibrations into electrical signals
• How does the brain interpret sound signals?

  By recognizing frequencies and intensities
• What is the typical human hearing range?

  20 hertz to 20,000 hertz
• How does aging affect hearing range?

  It normally decreases due to wear and tear
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