The total sum of the kinetic energy particles have due to their individual motion relative to each other and the potential energy they have due to their individual positions relative to each other.
what does internal energy NOT include?
gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy caused by the whole substance moving
How can you increase the internal energy of a substance?
By adding heat.
Why does increasing the temperature increase internal energy?
The particles vibrate more, increasing the kinetic energy of the particles. When the substanc changes state, the particles move further apart as bonds are broken, increasing the potential energy of the particles. These both increase internal energy
