external

• boys and literacy explanation


  disadvantage as they have a low reading age than girls because parents are less likely to read to them

  boys may see reading as feminine and be put off
• boys and literacy eval


  introduced playing for success which uses sports to encourage learning

  reading champions which uses male role models celebrating reading
• lack of male role models explanation

  25 percent of children are raised in a lone parent family or father works long hours so absent for long time

  unsociable hours means they cannot help their sons with reading or homework
• lack of male role models eval


  boys may look to peers to gain status

  this absent male role model may make boys lack confidence
• culture and lifestyle explanation


  boys are said to have more active lifestyles outside of school compared to girls

  girls have BEDROOM CULTURE MCROBBIE which means they find it easier to revise in their room compared to boys
• culture and lifestyle eval


  introduction of video games and play station means some boys will also have bedroom culture as they are in their bedroom playing the games
• unrealistic expectations explanations

  research shows that when boys do bad in exams they are surprised and blamed it on bad luck rather than lack of effort

  francis

  boys are more likely to have unrealistic job aspirations that require very few qualifications and parents have low expectations for boys
• unrealistic expectations eval


  with parents less likely to push boys to do homework or revision and teachers having low expectations no wonder theyre underachieving