cognitive-depression

• What is a behavioral characteristic of depression related to activity levels?

  Reduced energy or psychomotor agitation
• How does depression affect sleep or eating patterns?

  It can cause reduced or increased sleep or eating
• What aggressive behaviors can occur in individuals with depression?

  Verbal or physical aggression, self-harm
• What cognitive characteristic involves poor decision-making?

  Poor concentration
• What is absolutist thinking in depression?

  Seeing situations as entirely good or bad
• How do depressed individuals tend to process information?

  They dwell on negatives and ignore positives
• What emotional characteristic is commonly experienced in depression?

  Lowered mood
• How does depression affect self-esteem?

  It leads to lowered self-esteem
• What does Beck suggest about cognitive vulnerability in depression?

  Some people are more vulnerable due to cognition
• What is faulty information processing in Beck's theory?


  Focusing on negatives and ignoring positives
• What is a negative self-schema?

  Packages of negative information about oneself
• What is the negative triad in Beck's theory?

  Negative views of self, world, and future
• What does Ellis's ABC model propose about mental health?

  Good mental health is due to rational thinking
• What does the 'A' in Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event
• What are 'musturbation' beliefs in Ellis's model?

  Belief that one must always succeed
• What does the 'C' in Ellis's ABC model represent?

  Consequences of beliefs
• What evidence supports Beck's theory of cognitive vulnerability?

  Grazioli and Terry's study on pregnant women
• How does CBT apply Beck's cognitive theory?

  Identifies and challenges negative thoughts
• What is the goal of CBT in treating depression?

  Change negative/irrational thoughts
• What is the role of homework in CBT?

  To test reality of beliefs
• What does REBT stand for?

  Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
• What does the 'D' in the ABCDE model stand for?

  Disputing Irrational Beliefs
• What is the purpose of logical disputing in REBT?

  To question the logical sense of beliefs
• What is behavioral activation in CBT?

  Encouraging engagement in enjoyable activities
• What did March's study compare regarding CBT?

  CBT and antidepressants' effectiveness
• What is a limitation of CBT for severe depression?

  Patients may lack motivation for engagement
• What factor may influence the success of therapy?

  Client and therapist relationship quality
• What is a strength of Ellis's approach in therapy?

  Successfully applied in therapeutic interventions
• What is a limitation of Ellis's ABC model?

  May not explain severe depression adequately
• What biological factor can influence depression?

  Low serotonin levels
• What are the key components of Beck's cognitive theory of depression?

  • Faulty information processing
  • Negative self-schemas
  • The negative triad
• What are the steps involved in CBT for treating depression?

  1. Assessment of problems
  2. Identify automatic thoughts
  3. Set therapy goals
  4. Challenge irrational thoughts
  5. Change negative thoughts
  6. Assign homework for reality testing
• What techniques are used in REBT to dispute irrational beliefs?

  • Logical Disputing
  • Empirical Disputing
  • Pragmatic Disputing
• What are the strengths and limitations of CBT as a treatment for depression?

  Strengths:

  • Effective treatment option
  • Practical applications in therapy

  
  

  Limitations:

  • May not work for severe cases
  • Success influenced by client-therapist relationship