ATP

• what does ATP stand for


  adenosine triphosphate
• What does ATP look like?

  
• what three types of molecules that make up ATP

  3 phosphates + ribose sugar + nucleotide base
• where will chemical energy be stored in orgnaisms


  lipids or carbohydrates
• give an example of a carbohydrate that will store energy in the body


  glucose
• Why is ATP called the 'universal energy currency'?


  it is a source of energy for many metabolic reactions in all living organisms
• name two substrates that can be used to release energy in respiration


  glucose and fatty acids
• Is ATP an energy source or an energy store


  energy source
• most of the energy released during respiration is used to synthesise ATP , how is the rest of the energy released


  as heat energy
• why is ATP needed in protein synthesis


  ATP required for amino acid activation in the cytoplasm
• why is ATP needed in active transport


  ATP changes the shape of transport proteins to move molecules against a concentration gradient
• why is ATP needed in bulk transport


  packaging and transport of secretory products like enzymes in vesicles
• why is ATP needed in nerve impulse transmission


  sodium/potassium pumps actively transport ions across the axon membrane
• why is ATP needed in muscle contraction


  energy is required for the contraction of muscle fibres
• why is ATP needed in DNA replication


  synthesis of DNA from nucleotides during DNA replication at interphase