glycolysis

• how does glucose enter the cell cytoplasm


  facilitated diffusion through an intrinsic carrier protein
• is oxygen required for glycolysis


  no
• what is the first stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  glycolysis
• What is the starting molecule for glycolysis? ( include the carbon form)


  glucose (6c)
• in glycolysis what happens to glucose(6C) to form hexose-phospahte(6C)


  glucose (6C) is phosphorylated
• how is glucose (6C) phosphorylated into hexose-phosphate(6C)


  2 ATP molecules are used for the inorganic phosphate and then 2ADP are left over
• what is formed at he second stage of glycolysis , when 2 atp is used with glucose


  Hexose-phosphate(6C)
• why is ATP needed for glucose to be phosphorylated


  for the inorganic phosphate molecules
• what happens in glycolysis after hexose-phosphate(6C) has been formed


  it splits into 2 trios phosphate(3C) molecules
• what happens to the each of the two triose phosphates to convert them into pyruvate(3C)


  they are oxidised
• when the two triose phosphates are converted into pyruvate they are oxidised what does this mean


  they will lose hydrogen atoms
• whilst Triose phosphate is being oxidised it is losing electrons ,what will happen to these electrons


  they will be used to reduce the coenzyme NAD+ into reduced NAD
• whilst triose phosphate(3C) is being oxidised into pyruvate they are losing inorganic phosphates,what happens to these inorganic phosphates


  they are used in substrate level phosphorylation to create 2 ATP molecules per each triose phosphate
• what are the triose phosphates converted into


  pyruvate(3C)
• What is the end product of glycolysis?


  2 pyruvate
• in glycolysis per glucose molecule how much reduced NAD is produced


  2
• in glycolysis per glucose molecule how much ATP is gross produced


  4
• in glycolysis per glucose molecule how much ATP is used


  2
• in glycolysis per glucose molecule how much net total of ATP is produced


  2
• what is meant by substrate level phosphorylation


  the production of atp molecules that are formed directly from phosphate compounds
• give an example of a place where substrate level phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis


  when triose phosphate is being oxidised into pyruvate ,2ADP molecules gain pi molecules to make ATP
• what is meant by yield

  this is the total number of molecules produced in a reaction
• what is meant by net gain


  this is the total gained minus that used