organic reactions

• ester with nitrile, with acid

  RCN + HCl +2H2O --> RCOOH + NH4Cl

  aqueous HCl (water)

  heat under reflux
• ester with nitrile, with alkali

  RCN +NaOH + H2O --> RCOONa + NH3

  aqueous NaOH

  heat under reflux
• acid catalysed hydrolysis of ester

  RCOOR + H2O </> RCOOH + ROH

  reversible, lower yield

  dilute HCl (water)
• base catalysed hydrolysis of ester


  RCOOR + NaOH --> RCOONa + ROH

  not reversible, higher yield

  sodium hydroxide solution (water)