Viruses

• What is the riddle's answer that brings nations down?

  Bacteria
• What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotes: No nucleus, smaller, circular DNA
  • Eukaryotes: True nucleus, larger, linear DNA
• What does the term "prokaryote" mean?

  Before nucleus
• Give an example of prokaryotes.

  Eubacteria
• What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?

  0.1-10 µm
• How is the DNA structured in prokaryotic cells?

  Circular DNA not protected by a membrane
• How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?

  They do not use mitosis or meiosis
• What type of reproduction is common in prokaryotes?

  Asexual reproduction
• What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

  They have a true nucleus
• Name an example of eukaryotes.

  Plants
• What is the size range of eukaryotic cells?

  10-100 µm
• How is the DNA structured in eukaryotic cells?

  Contained in the nucleus, linear chromosomes
• What processes do eukaryotic cells use to divide?

  Mitosis and meiosis
• What type of respiration do most eukaryotes use?

  Aerobic respiration
• What are archaebacteria known for?

  Living in harsh environments
• What are the three groups of archaebacteria?

  Methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles
• What do methanogens produce?

  Methane
• Where do halophiles live?

  In extremely saline environments
• What environments do thermoacidophiles thrive in?

  Hot and acidic environments
• What is a characteristic of eubacteria?

  Do not live in harsh environments
• How are bacteria classified by shape?

  Into three basic groups
• What are the common characteristics of bacteria?

  • Single-celled
  • No membrane-bound organelles
  • Single chromosome
  • Asexual reproduction by binary fission
• What is the function of the cell wall in bacteria?

  Protection and shape determination
• What does the cytoplasmic membrane do?

  Regulates movement of materials
• What are pili used for in bacteria?

  Attachment to host or other bacteria
• What is the function of a flagellum?

  Propel the bacterium
• What is the capsule in bacteria?

  A slime layer for protection
• What does the nucleoid contain?

  Hereditary material (DNA)
• What is a plasmid?

  A small circular DNA separate from nucleoid
• What is the role of ribosomes in bacteria?

  Protein synthesis
• How do bacteria reproduce?

  • Usually form a colony
  • Most reproduce asexually
  • Some reproduce sexually through DNA recombination
• What are the asexual methods of reproduction in bacteria?

  1. Binary fission
  2. Endospores

  • DNA transferred into endospore
  • Resists harsh conditions
  • Can return to normal when conditions improve
• What is binary fission in bacteria?

  Bacterium splits into two cells
• What are endospores used for in bacteria?

  Resisting harsh conditions and dispersal
• What happens to endospores when conditions are favorable?

  They come out of hibernation