UNIT 2

• What are the components of the lymphatic system?

  Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, red bone marrow

  
• What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

  Transport lymph throughout the body
• What is the role of lymph nodes?

  Filter lymph and house immune cells
• What does the thymus produce?

  T cells for adaptive immunity
• What is the function of the spleen?

  Filters blood and removes old red blood cells
• Where do B lymphocytes mature?

  In red bone marrow
• What does innate immunity mean?

  First line of defense present at birth
• What are examples of innate defenses?

  Skin, stomach acid, NK cells, phagocytes

  
• What is adaptive immunity?

  Develops after exposure to pathogens
• What are the types of adaptive immunity?

  Antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity
• What is the structure of an antibody?

  Variable region binds antigens, constant region determines type

  
• What is the function of antibodies?

  Neutralize pathogens and activate immune responses

  
• What is neutralization in antibody function?

  Blocking pathogens from entering cells

  
• What is agglutination?

  Clumping multiple pathogens together
• What is opsonization?

  Marking pathogens for destruction by phagocytes

  
• What does the constant region of an antibody do?

  Determines the antibody type
• What is active immunity?

  Your body makes antibodies after exposure
• What are examples of active immunity?

  Vaccines and natural infection

  
• What is passive immunity?

  Antibodies are given to you temporarily
• What are examples of passive immunity?

  Antibody injections and breast milk
• What is the mnemonic for leukocyte abundance?

  Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
• Which leukocyte is the most abundant?

  Neutrophils
• Which leukocyte is the least abundant?

  Basophils
• What is the structure of the trachea?

  Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

  
• What is the function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

  Contracts to increase thoracic cavity volume

  
• What happens to pressure during exhalation?

  Pressure increases as volume decreases
• What is the function of the nasal cavity?

  Filters, warms, and humidifies air
• What is the role of the pharynx?

  Passageway for air, food, and liquid
• What does the larynx do?

  Routes air and food; produces sound
• What is the function of the lungs?

  Houses alveoli where gas exchange occurs
• What is the function of the trachea?

  Conducts air to the lungs
• What is the role of bronchi?

  Branches from trachea to lead to lungs
• What are alveoli?

  Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs

  
• What is the mnemonic for the pathway of air?

  Never Pick Lame Trees Before Apples
• What tissue lines the alveoli?

  Simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange
• What is the role of the liver in digestion?

  Produces bile to emulsify fats
• What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?

  Produces enzymes for chemical digestion

  
• What does the gallbladder do?

  Stores bile produced by the liver
• What is the main function of the stomach?

  Mixes food with gastric juice to form chyme
• What is the role of the small intestine?

  Major site of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption