AO1

• What is the cognitive approach to explaining depression?

  It focuses on identifying and challenging negative thoughts
• What is the first step in Beck's cognitive therapy for depression?

  Identify automatic thoughts about self, world, and future
• How does cognitive therapy help patients test their negative beliefs?

  By setting homework to record positive experiences
• What is meant by "the patient as scientist" in cognitive therapy?

  Patients gather evidence to challenge their beliefs
• How does a therapist use evidence in future sessions with patients?

  To prove patients' negative statements are incorrect
• What does the D stand for in the ABCDE model of REBT?

  Dispute
• What is utopianism in the context of REBT?

  Believing life should be perfect and fair
• How does an REBT therapist challenge irrational beliefs?

  Through vigorous argument and discussion
• What is the hallmark of REBT?

  The vigorous argument used to challenge beliefs
• What is empirical argument in REBT?

  Disputing evidence supporting negative beliefs
• What is logical argument in REBT?

  Disputing if negative thoughts follow from facts
• What is the role of behavioral activation in CBT?

  Encouraging patients to engage in enjoyable activities
• How does behavioral activation provide evidence for irrational beliefs?

  By showing patients enjoyable activities exist
• What is the purpose of homework in Beck's cognitive therapy?

  To help patients record positive experiences
• What is the intended effect of challenging irrational beliefs in REBT?

  To break the link between events and depression