infant interactions L1

• What is attachment in the context of child development?

  An emotional bond between two people
• What did Meltzoff and Moore (1977) discover about infants?

  Infants imitate specific facial and hand gestures
• What is interactional synchrony?

  When two people mirror each other's actions
• At what age did Meltzoff and Moore find evidence of interactional synchrony?

  As young as three days old
• What does the term 'caregiver' refer to?

  Any person providing care for a child
• What type of research was conducted by Meltzoff and Moore?

  A controlled observation
• What is the purpose of using independent observers in Meltzoff and Moore's study?

  To judge the infants' behavior accurately
• What are the behavioral categories used to observe infants in the study?

  Mouth opening, tongue protrusion, termination of actions
• What does reciprocity refer to in infant-caregiver interactions?

  Actions of one partner elicit a response from the other
• What did Brazelton (1979) suggest about reciprocity?

  It is an important precursor to later communication
• How does the regularity of an infant's signals benefit the caregiver?

  It allows anticipation of the infant's behavior
• What is the difference between real and pseudo-imitation according to Meltzoff and Moore?

  Real imitation is intentional, pseudo-imitation is not
• What did Piaget believe about true imitation?

  It develops towards the end of the first year
• What was the method used in Murray and Trevarthen's (1985) study?

  Infants interacted with mothers via a video monitor
• What was the outcome when infants saw their mothers on the monitor?

  Infants showed acute distress
• What does Meltzoff and Moore's study suggest about infant behavior?

  Infants actively seek and participate in interactions
• How did Meltzoff and Moore attempt to overcome difficulties in testing infant behavior?

  By using an observer unaware of the behavior being imitated