Kohlberg

• What type of study did Kohlberg conduct in 1968?

  Longitudinal study
• What was the aim of Kohlberg's study?

  To show stages of moral development
• How long did Kohlberg's study follow the boys?

  17 years
• What method did Kohlberg use to assess moral development?

  Hypothetical moral dilemmas
• How many American boys participated in Kohlberg's study?

  75 boys
• What age range did the boys in the study start at?

  Aged 10-16
• Which other countries' boys were studied for moral development?

  Canada, Taiwan, Mexico, Turkey
• Who conducted the earliest major psychological study of moral character?

  Hartshorne and May
• What did Hartshorne and May's study focus on?

  Honesty, service, fair play, generosity
• How did Kohlberg's approach to moral development differ from Hartshorne and May's?

  Kohlberg focused on moral reasoning processes
• What are the three levels of Kohlberg's moral development?

  Preconventional, Conventional, Post-conventional
• What are the six stages of Kohlberg's moral development?

  1. Punishment and obedience orientation
  2. Instrumental-relativist orientation
  3. Good boy-good girl orientation
  4. Law and order orientation
  5. Social contract orientation
  6. Universal principles orientation
• What does the first stage of moral reasoning focus on?

  Avoiding punishment
• What is the focus of the second stage of moral reasoning?

  Obtaining rewards and favors
• What does the third stage of moral reasoning emphasize?

  Pleasing others and conformity
• What is the key concern in the fourth stage of moral reasoning?

  Obeying laws and duties
• What does the fifth stage of moral reasoning involve?

  Democratic agreement on right actions
• What is the focus of the sixth stage of moral reasoning?

  Self-chosen moral principles
• What aspects were assessed in Kohlberg's study?

  • Motive
  • Obedience
  • Moral action
• How did the concerns of 10-year-olds differ from 16-year-olds in the study?

  10-year-olds focused on punishment
• What moral dilemma was presented to Japanese boys in the study?

  Should the wife tell her husband about the affair?
• What were the key findings related to motive given for rule obedience?

  1. Obey rules to avoid punishment
  2. Conform to obtain rewards
  3. Conform to avoid disapproval
  4. Conform to avoid censure
  5. Conform for community welfare
  6. Conform to avoid self-condemnation
• What is the primary focus of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

  Stages of moral reasoning
• How does Kohlberg's theory reflect changes in moral judgments?

  It shows a systematic stage-based sequence
• How does Kohlberg's view of moral development differ from Piaget's?

  Kohlberg emphasizes moral reasoning processes