Culture

• culture

  the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular group of people or society
• cultural norms

  behavioural expectations within a culture
• surface culture

  food, flags, festivals, music, literature, language, art
• shallow culture

  handling emotion, non-verbal communication, thoughts on wellness and diseases, personal space
• deep culture

  decision-making, concepts of self, spirituality, relationship to nature and animals
• emic research

  studies a specific culture to understand their behavioural attributes, focusing on their cultural norms, values and customs
• etic research

  compares psychological phenomena across cultures to find the universal behaviour throughout
• Cultural dimensions

  used to refer to a set of scales to 'measure' and distinguish between cultures
• individualism

  weak interpersonal connections among people who are not part of a core 'family'
• collectivism

  people are supposed to be loyal to the group that they belong to and in exchange the group will defend their interests
• Berry's line length task

  participants are shown multiple different lines next to a singular one and are asked which line is the same length as the singular one. They repeated this twice and on the third one a line was circled and told that the majority of people in their respective culture had chosen this line. IN rounds 4-6 the line circled was wrong and was five lines away from the correct one.
• how does berry's line task show conformity

  The participant is more likely to choose the line the people from their culture chose
• Why Temne are collectivist

  they are a rice farming community so when the harvest comes in that's a significant part of their diet. If the harvest fails they starve and everyone is affected; so everyone works together to make sure the harvest is a success and everyone benefits.
• why inuits are individualist

  their culture is about hunting and fishing. If one person is successful in hunting then they and their respective family have food, if another fails than that failure is there's to bare on their own. Its up to someone's skill to be successful no matter anyone else.
• levels of conformity in temne and inuit culture

  Temne have a high level of conformity as they trust that their culture is correct, whereas the inuits are used to relying on their own skill so have a low level of conformity.
• Kulkofsky et al (aim)

  to investigate the role of individualism-collectivism on flashbulb memory
• Kulkofsky et al (procedure)

  studied five different countries (China, Germany, Turkey, UK, USA) to see if there was any difference in flashbulb memory between the cultures. Participants were given five minute to recall as many memories they could from events that had occurred at least a year ago. The researcher then asked the participant five questions on how they learned about the event. Then they were asked five questions about how the event was important to them. The questions were translated from English and then back translated.
• Kulkofsky et al (findings)

  In collectivist cultures (e.g. China), personal importance played less of a role than compared to individualist cultures (e.g. USA). It was found that national importance was equally linked to FBM formation across cultures.