BIOLOGY : cell structure

    Cards (62)

    • What is the focus of the lab described?
      Transmission of Energy (Gas reaction)
    • What are the types of mutagens mentioned?
      Common, extreme, and high mutagens
    • What is a macro-mutagen?
      A mutagenic agent affecting various proteins
    • How does light act as a mutagen?
      It has a long wavelength effect
    • What is the effect of extreme mutagens?
      They may use different wavelengths of radiation
    • What is a transmission chain in mutagenesis?
      A team of electrons affecting chromosomal mutagens
    • What are the methods of sample preparation mentioned?
      • Dry mount
      • Wet mount
      • Ingot slides
      • Smear slides
    • What is a dry mount used for?
      Viewing solid specimens whole
    • What is the purpose of a cover slip in a wet mount?
      To prevent drying of the specimen
    • What is the function of ingot slides?
      To stain specific cells or structures
    • What is the purpose of smear slides?
      To create a thin coating for viewing cells
    • Why is the choice of slide important?
      It affects the resolution and magnification
    • What is an eyepiece graticule?
      A glass disc with a fine scale
    • How is the scale on the eyepiece graticule calibrated?
      With a stage micrometer
    • What is the function of a stage micrometer?
      To provide an accurate scale in micrometers
    • What are the steps for preparing samples for electron microscopes?
      Fixing, staining, and dehydration
    • Why do light microscopy images often have low contrast?
      Cells do not absorb much light
    • What is the purpose of heat fixing a sample?
      To prevent decomposition of the sample
    • What is the negative stain technique?
      Uses nigrosin to outline cells
    • What does the Gram stain technique differentiate?
      Between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
    • What is the result of a Gram stain on Gram-positive bacteria?
      They appear purple due to thick walls
    • What is the role of safranin dye in Gram staining?
      It acts as a counterstain for Gram-negative bacteria
    • What is the acid-fast technique used for?
      To differentiate Mycobacterium from other bacteria
    • What is the function of the nucleus?
      Contains coded genetic information
    • What surrounds the nucleus?
      A double membrane called the nuclear membrane
    • What is the role of the nucleolus?
      Produces ribosomal RNA for ribosome formation
    • What is the primary function of mitochondria?
      Production of ATP through cellular respiration
    • What is the structure of mitochondria?
      Double membrane with cristae and matrix
    • What do vesicles do?
      Store and transport materials in and out of the cell
    • What are lysosomes specialized for?
      Degrading waste materials and worn-out organelles
    • What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
      Lipid synthesis and detoxification
    • What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum characterized by?
      Presence of ribosomes for protein synthesis
    • What do peroxisomes break down?
      Fats and hydrogen peroxide
    • What happens during lysing of lysosomes?
      Sudden release of enzymes causing cell lysis
    • What is the function of vacuoles?
      Storage, digestion, and waste products
    • What are the types of body membranes mentioned?
      • Serous membranes
      • Mucous membranes
      • Synovial membranes
      • Fibrous membranes
    • What is the role of serous membranes?
      To separate membranes and cavities in the body
    • What is the function of lymph in the body?
      It plays a role in many vessels
    • What is the structure of centrioles?
      Composed of microtubules and shaped like bowling pins
    • What is the primary function of flagella?
      To enable cell motility
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