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BIOLOGY : cell structure
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Cards (62)
What is the focus of the lab described?
Transmission of Energy
(
Gas reaction
)
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What are the types of mutagens mentioned?
Common
,
extreme
, and high mutagens
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What is a macro-mutagen?
A
mutagenic
agent affecting various
proteins
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How does light act as a mutagen?
It has a long
wavelength
effect
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What is the effect of extreme mutagens?
They may use different wavelengths of radiation
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What is a transmission chain in mutagenesis?
A team of
electrons
affecting
chromosomal
mutagens
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What are the methods of sample preparation mentioned?
Dry mount
Wet mount
Ingot slides
Smear slides
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What is a dry mount used for?
Viewing solid
specimens
whole
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What is the purpose of a cover slip in a wet mount?
To prevent drying of the
specimen
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What is the function of ingot slides?
To stain
specific
cells or structures
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What is the purpose of smear slides?
To create a thin coating for viewing
cells
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Why is the choice of slide important?
It affects the
resolution
and
magnification
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What is an eyepiece graticule?
A
glass disc
with a fine scale
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How is the scale on the eyepiece graticule calibrated?
With a
stage micrometer
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What is the function of a stage micrometer?
To provide an accurate scale in
micrometers
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What are the steps for preparing samples for electron microscopes?
Fixing
,
staining
, and dehydration
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Why do light microscopy images often have low contrast?
Cells
do not absorb much light
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What is the purpose of heat fixing a sample?
To prevent
decomposition
of the sample
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What is the negative stain technique?
Uses
nigrosin
to outline cells
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What does the Gram stain technique differentiate?
Between
Gram-positive
and
Gram-negative
bacteria
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What is the result of a Gram stain on Gram-positive bacteria?
They appear
purple
due to
thick walls
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What is the role of safranin dye in Gram staining?
It acts as a counterstain for
Gram-negative
bacteria
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What is the acid-fast technique used for?
To differentiate
Mycobacterium
from other bacteria
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What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains coded
genetic
information
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What surrounds the nucleus?
A double membrane called the
nuclear membrane
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What is the role of the nucleolus?
Produces
ribosomal RNA
for
ribosome
formation
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What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Production of
ATP
through
cellular respiration
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What is the structure of mitochondria?
Double membrane
with
cristae
and matrix
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What do vesicles do?
Store and transport materials in and out of the
cell
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What are lysosomes specialized for?
Degrading waste materials and worn-out
organelles
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What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid synthesis
and detoxification
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What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum characterized by?
Presence of
ribosomes
for protein synthesis
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What do peroxisomes break down?
Fats and
hydrogen peroxide
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What happens during lysing of lysosomes?
Sudden release of
enzymes
causing
cell lysis
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What is the function of vacuoles?
Storage
,
digestion
, and waste products
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What are the types of body membranes mentioned?
Serous
membranes
Mucous
membranes
Synovial
membranes
Fibrous
membranes
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What is the role of serous membranes?
To
separate
membranes
and
cavities
in the body
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What is the function of lymph in the body?
It plays a role in many vessels
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What is the structure of centrioles?
Composed of
microtubules
and shaped like
bowling pins
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What is the primary function of flagella?
To enable
cell motility
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