origins of psychology

    Cards (71)

    • What is psychology defined as?
      The scientific study of the brain and behavior
    • Why is psychology considered one of the youngest fields of science?
      It started around 150 years ago
    • Who is considered the first person to study behavior scientifically?
      Wilhelm Wundt
    • What did Wundt aim to change in the study of the mind?
      From philosophy to controlled empirical research
    • What are the key components of scientific methodology in psychology?
      • Systematic observation
      • Controlled experiments
      • Objectivity
      • Empirical methods
    • What is the definition of science provided in the material?
      Systematic and objective study of the world
    • What does 'systematic' mean in the context of scientific research?
      Working according to a fixed method
    • Why is objectivity important in psychological research?
      To avoid bias in results and conclusions
    • What is empiricism in scientific research?
      Conclusions based on data from the world
    • What is introspection as used by Wundt?
      Recording conscious experiences objectively
    • How did Wundt control his experimental conditions?
      By controlling the environment of the study
    • What is meant by making inferences in psychological research?
      Making educated guesses about mental processes
    • What is a criticism of Wundt's introspective methods?
      Participants may provide biased self-reports
    • What did behaviorists focus on in their research?
      Observable stimulus-response mechanisms
    • What is the main difference between behaviorism and cognitive psychology?
      Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior
    • What are the main psychological approaches introduced in the timeline?
      1. Psychodynamic (Freud)
      2. Behaviorism (Pavlov, Skinner)
      3. Social Learning Theory
      4. Humanism
      5. Cognitive Psychology
      6. Biopsychology
    • Who developed the psychodynamic approach?
      Sigmund Freud
    • What did Freud argue about the unconscious mind?
      It directs behaviour we are unaware of
    • What did behaviorists reject in their approach?
      Introspection and internal mental processes
    • What is the role of cognitive psychologists?
      To explain mental processes like memory
    • How do cognitive psychologists view the mind?
      Similar to a computer's processing system
    • What has biological psychology contributed to the field?
      Links between brain areas and abilities
    • What tools have advanced biological psychology recently?
      fMRI scanners and DNA sequencing
    • What are the key criticisms of Wundt's work?
      • Subjective nature of introspection
      • Potential for biased self-reports
      • Reliance on inferences
    • What is the significance of Wundt's first psychological laboratory?
      • Established psychology as a scientific field
      • Pioneered controlled empirical research methods
      • Inspired future psychologists worldwide
    • What are the main goals of humanistic psychology?
      • Emphasize free will
      • Focus on self-actualization
      • Address personal growth over illness
    • What is the relationship between behaviorism and cognitive psychology?
      • Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior
      • Cognitive psychology studies internal mental processes
      • Both approaches contribute to understanding behavior
    • What is a simple definition of psychology?
      Scientific study of the brain and behavior
    • Why is psychology considered one of the youngest fields of science?
      It started around 150 years ago
    • Who is considered the first person to study behavior scientifically?
      Wilhelm Wundt
    • What was Wundt's contribution to psychology?
      He established the first psychological laboratory
    • What are the key features of scientific methodology in psychology?
      • Systematic observation
      • Controlled experiments
      • Objectivity
      • Empirical methods
    • What does 'systematic' mean in the context of scientific research?
      Working according to a fixed method
    • Why is objectivity important in psychological research?
      To avoid bias in research findings
    • How does empiricism differ from accepting theories in psychology?
      Empiricism relies on data from observations
    • What is introspection in Wundt's research method?
      Participants report their conscious experiences
    • What was Wundt's approach to studying sensation and perception called?
      Structuralism
    • What is the main criticism of Wundt's introspective methods?
      Participants may provide biased self-reports
    • How did Wundt's work influence later psychologists?
      Inspired controlled methods in psychological research
    • What is a demand characteristic in psychological research?
      Participants alter behavior to please researchers