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psychology
Approaches
origins of psychology
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Created by
Erin Myers
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Cards (71)
What is psychology defined as?
The
scientific
study
of the
brain
and
behavior
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Why is psychology considered one of the youngest fields of science?
It started around
150 years ago
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Who is considered the first person to study behavior scientifically?
Wilhelm
Wundt
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What did Wundt aim to change in the study of the mind?
From
philosophy
to
controlled
empirical
research
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What are the key components of scientific methodology in psychology?
Systematic
observation
Controlled
experiments
Objectivity
Empirical
methods
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What is the definition of science provided in the material?
Systematic
and
objective
study
of the world
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What does 'systematic' mean in the context of scientific research?
Working
according
to
a
fixed
method
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Why is objectivity important in psychological research?
To
avoid
bias
in
results
and
conclusions
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What is empiricism in scientific research?
Conclusions
based
on
data
from the
world
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What is introspection as used by Wundt?
Recording
conscious
experiences
objectively
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How did Wundt control his experimental conditions?
By
controlling
the
environment
of the study
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What is meant by making inferences in psychological research?
Making
educated
guesses
about
mental processes
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What is a criticism of Wundt's introspective methods?
Participants may
provide
biased
self-reports
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What did behaviorists focus on in their research?
Observable
stimulus-response
mechanisms
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What is the main difference between behaviorism and cognitive psychology?
Behaviorism
focuses on
observable
behavior
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What are the main psychological approaches introduced in the timeline?
Psychodynamic
(Freud)
Behaviorism
(Pavlov, Skinner)
Social
Learning
Theory
Humanism
Cognitive
Psychology
Biopsychology
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Who developed the psychodynamic approach?
Sigmund
Freud
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What did Freud argue about the unconscious mind?
It
directs
behaviour
we are
unaware
of
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What did behaviorists reject in their approach?
Introspection
and
internal
mental
processes
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What is the role of cognitive psychologists?
To explain
mental
processes
like
memory
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How do cognitive psychologists view the mind?
Similar to a
computer's
processing
system
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What has biological psychology contributed to the field?
Links
between
brain
areas and
abilities
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What tools have advanced biological psychology recently?
fMRI scanners
and
DNA
sequencing
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What are the key criticisms of Wundt's work?
Subjective
nature
of introspection
Potential
for
biased
self-reports
Reliance
on
inferences
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What is the significance of Wundt's first psychological laboratory?
Established
psychology
as a
scientific
field
Pioneered
controlled
empirical
research
methods
Inspired
future
psychologists
worldwide
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What are the main goals of humanistic psychology?
Emphasize
free will
Focus
on
self-actualization
Address
personal growth
over
illness
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What is the relationship between behaviorism and cognitive psychology?
Behaviorism
focuses on
observable
behavior
Cognitive
psychology studies
internal mental processes
Both
approaches
contribute
to
understanding
behavior
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What is a simple definition of psychology?
Scientific study
of the
brain
and
behavior
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Why is psychology considered one of the youngest fields of science?
It started around
150 years
ago
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Who is considered the first person to study behavior scientifically?
Wilhelm Wundt
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What was Wundt's contribution to psychology?
He
established
the first
psychological laboratory
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What are the key features of scientific methodology in psychology?
Systematic observation
Controlled experiments
Objectivity
Empirical methods
View source
What does 'systematic' mean in the context of scientific research?
Working
according
to a
fixed
method
View source
Why is objectivity important in psychological research?
To
avoid
bias
in research
findings
View source
How does empiricism differ from accepting theories in psychology?
Empiricism
relies
on
data
from
observations
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What is introspection in Wundt's research method?
Participants
report
their
conscious
experiences
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What was Wundt's approach to studying sensation and perception called?
Structuralism
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What is the main criticism of Wundt's introspective methods?
Participants may
provide
biased
self-reports
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How did Wundt's work influence later psychologists?
Inspired
controlled
methods
in psychological research
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What is a demand characteristic in psychological research?
Participants
alter
behavior
to please
researchers
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