proteins as respiratory substrates

• when are proteins used for energy


  when both the carbohydrate(glucose) and the lipid reserves have been used up
• when would a persons body resort to proteins for energy


  during starvation
• what is the first step of using proteins for energy


  proteins are hydrolysed into their constituent amino acids
• what happens to the amino acids once they reach the liver


  the amine group is removed
• what is the name of the process that removes the amine group from an amino acid


  deanimation
• what happens to the removed amine group in deanimation


  it is converted into ammonia
• what happens to the ammonia produced form the amine group


  it will combine with co2 to produce urea
• what happens to the urea produced in the liver


  it will travel via the blood stream to the kidneys to be excreted by the body
• after a amine group is removed from the amino acid what is the remaining amino acid residue called


  a keto acid
• give an example of a keto acid


  pyruvate
• what happens to keto acids


  some are fed into a glycolysis reaction and others are converted into the Krebs cycle intermediate
• what is a keto acid


  this is a molecule with Both a carboxyl group and ketone group