pf

• What is the chemical group represented by —OH?

  Hydroxyl group
• What is the compound name for the hydroxyl group?

  Alcohol
• What is the specific name for an alcohol?

  Usually ends in -ol
• What is the chemical group represented by >C=O?

  Carbonyl group
• What is a ketone?

  Carbonyl group within a carbon skeleton
• What is the chemical group represented by —COOH?

  Carboxyl group
• What is an aldehyde?

  Carbonyl group at the end of a carbon skeleton
• What is the compound name for the carboxyl group?

  Carboxylic acid or organic acid
• What is the chemical group represented by —NH₂?

  Amino group
• What is the compound name for the amino group?

  Amine
• What is the chemical group represented by —SH?

  Sulfhydryl group
• What is the compound name for the sulfhydryl group?

  Thiol
• What is the chemical group represented by —OPO₃²⁻?

  Phosphate group
• What is the compound name for the phosphate group?

  Organic phosphate
• What is the chemical group represented by —CH₃?

  Methyl group
• What is the compound name for the methyl group?

  Methylated compound
• What is an example of an alcohol?

  Ethanol
• What is an example of a ketone?

  Acetone
• What is an example of an aldehyde?

  Propanal
• What is an example of a carboxylic acid?

  Acetic acid
• What is an example of an amino acid?

  Glycine
• What is an example of a thiol?

  Cysteine
• What is an example of an organic phosphate?

  Glycerol phosphate
• What is the primary structure of a protein?

  • Linear chain of amino acids
• What is an example of a methylated compound?

  1. Methylcytosine
• What stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins?

  • Hydrogen bonds between polypeptide backbone atoms
• What is tertiary structure in proteins?

  • Three-dimensional shape from side chain interactions
• What is quaternary structure in proteins?

  • Association of two or more polypeptides
• What is an example of a protein with quaternary structure?

  Transthyretin
• What is the function of collagen?

  Provides strength to connective tissues
• What percentage of protein in the human body is collagen?

  40%
• What is the nuclear envelope connected to?

  Rough ER
• How do membranes and proteins produced by the ER move?

  In transport vesicles to the Golgi
• What does the Golgi apparatus do with transport vesicles?

  Pinches off vesicles for lysosomes and vacuoles
• What is the function of lysosomes?

  Fuse with vesicles for digestion
• What does a transport vesicle carry to the plasma membrane?

  Proteins for secretion
• How does the plasma membrane expand?

  By fusion of vesicles
• What happens to proteins during secretion from the cell?

  They are released from the plasma membrane
• What are the relationships among organelles of the endomembrane system?

  • Nuclear envelope connected to rough ER
  • ER produces membranes and proteins
  • Golgi processes and distributes vesicles
  • Lysosomes digest materials
  • Plasma membrane secretes proteins